;PMID: 10877072 ;source_file_2859.mrg ;Release 0.9 of PennBioIE ;Funded by NSF ITR EIA-0205448 ;0)section:[e:0..42] = [t:0..42] ;1)sentence:[e:48..101] = [t:48..101] ;2)sentence:[e:102..140] = [t:102..140] ;3)section:[e:144..179] = [t:144..179] ;4)section:[e:183..248] = [t:183..248] ;5)sentence:[e:252..317] = [t:252..317] ;6)sentence:[e:318..417] = [t:318..417] ;7)sentence:[e:418..534] = [t:418..534] ;8)sentence:[e:535..632] = [t:535..632] ;9)sentence:[e:633..774] = [t:633..774] ;10)sentence:[e:775..874] = [t:775..874] ;11)sentence:[e:876..982] = [t:876..982] ;12)sentence:[e:983..1096] = [t:983..1096] ;13)sentence:[e:1097..1221] = [t:1097..1221] ;14)sentence:[e:1222..1319] = [t:1222..1319] ;15)section:[e:1323..1368] = [t:1323..1368] ;section 0 Span:0..42 ;Eur J Pediatr Surg. 2000 Apr;10(2):79-82. (SEC (FRAG (NNP:[0..3] Eur) (NNP:[4..5] J) (NNP:[6..13] Pediatr) (NNP:[14..18] Surg) (.:[18..19] .) (CD:[21..25] 2000) (CC:[26..33] Apr;10-LRB-) (CD:[33..34] 2) (-RRB-:[34..35] -RRB-) (::[35..36] :) (CD:[36..38] 79) (::[38..39] -) (CD:[39..41] 82) (.:[41..42] .))) ;sentence 1 Span:48..101 ;Neuroblastoma: induction of differentiation (Part I). ;[48..61]:malignancy-type:"Neuroblastoma" (SENT (NP-HLN (NP (NN:[48..61] Neuroblastoma)) (::[61..62] :) (NP (NP (NN:[63..72] induction)) (PP (IN:[73..75] of) (NP (NN:[76..91] differentiation)))) (PRN (-LRB-:[92..93] -LRB-) (NP (NN:[93..97] Part) (CD:[98..99] I)) (-RRB-:[99..100] -RRB-)) (.:[100..101] .))) ;sentence 2 Span:102..140 ;Basical science in pediatric surgery. (SENT (NP-HLN (NP (JJ:[102..109] Basical) (NN:[110..117] science)) (PP (IN:[118..120] in) (NP (JJ:[122..131] pediatric) (NN:[132..139] surgery))) (.:[139..140] .))) ;section 3 Span:144..179 ;Girgert R, Schweizer P, Schwable J. (SEC (FRAG (NNP:[144..151] Girgert) (NNP:[152..153] R) (,:[153..154] ,) (NNP:[155..164] Schweizer) (NNP:[165..167] P,) (NNP:[168..176] Schwable) (NNP:[177..179] J.))) ;section 4 Span:183..248 ;Department of Pediatric Surgery, University of Tubingen, Germany. (SEC (FRAG (NNP:[183..193] Department) (IN:[194..196] of) (NNP:[197..206] Pediatric) (NNP:[207..214] Surgery) (,:[214..215] ,) (NNP:[216..226] University) (IN:[227..229] of) (NNP:[230..238] Tubingen) (,:[238..239] ,) (NNP:[240..247] Germany) (.:[247..248] .))) ;sentence 5 Span:252..317 ;Neuroblastoma is the second-most common solid tumor in childhood. ;[252..265]:malignancy-type:"Neuroblastoma" ;[292..303]:malignancy-type:"solid tumor" ;[307..316]:malignancy-developmental-state:"childhood" (SENT (S (NP-SBJ (NN:[252..265] Neuroblastoma)) (VP (VBZ:[266..268] is) (NP-PRD (DT:[269..272] the) (ADJP (ADVP (JJ:[273..279] second) (HYPH:[279..280] -) (RBS:[280..284] most)) (JJ:[285..291] common)) (JJ:[292..297] solid) (NN:[298..303] tumor)) (PP (IN:[304..306] in) (NP (NN:[307..316] childhood)))) (.:[316..317] .))) ;sentence 6 Span:318..417 ;The majority of patients have a very poor outcome due to aggressive growth ;and metastatic spread. (SENT (S (NP-SBJ (NP (DT:[318..321] The) (NN:[322..330] majority)) (PP (IN:[332..334] of) (NP (NNS:[335..343] patients)))) (VP (VBP:[344..348] have) (NP (DT:[349..350] a) (ADJP (RB:[351..355] very) (JJ:[356..360] poor)) (NN:[361..368] outcome)) (PP (IN:[369..372] due) (PP (TO:[373..375] to) (NP (NP (JJ:[376..386] aggressive) (NN:[387..393] growth)) (CC:[394..397] and) (NP (JJ:[398..408] metastatic) (NN:[410..416] spread)))))) (.:[416..417] .))) ;sentence 7 Span:418..534 ;In contrast, in rare cases, spontaneous regression or differentiation ;towards a benign ganglioneuroma are observed. ;[499..505]:malignancy-clinical-stage:"benign" ;[506..520]:malignancy-type:"ganglioneuroma" (SENT (S (PP (IN:[418..420] In) (NP (NN:[421..429] contrast))) (,:[429..430] ,) (PP (IN:[431..433] in) (NP (JJ:[434..438] rare) (NNS:[439..444] cases))) (,:[444..445] ,) (NP-SBJ-2 (NP (NP (NML-1 (JJ:[446..457] spontaneous)) (NN:[458..468] regression)) (CC:[469..471] or) (NP (NML-1 (-NONE-:[471..471] *P*)) (NN:[472..487] differentiation))) (PP (IN:[489..496] towards) (NP (DT:[497..498] a) (JJ:[499..505] benign) (NN:[506..520] ganglioneuroma)))) (VP (VBP:[521..524] are) (VP (VBN:[525..533] observed) (NP-2 (-NONE-:[533..533] *)))) (.:[533..534] .))) ;sentence 8 Span:535..632 ;The mechanism leading to differentiation of neuroblastoma is of particular ;therapeutic interest. ;[580..593]:malignancy-type:"neuroblastoma" (SENT (S (NP-SBJ (NP (DT:[535..538] The) (NN:[539..548] mechanism)) (VP (VBG:[549..556] leading) (PP-CLR (TO:[557..559] to) (NP (NP (NN:[561..576] differentiation)) (PP (IN:[577..579] of) (NP (NN:[580..593] neuroblastoma))))))) (VP (VBZ:[594..596] is) (PP-PRD (IN:[597..599] of) (NP (JJ:[600..610] particular) (JJ:[611..622] therapeutic) (NN:[623..631] interest)))) (.:[631..632] .))) ;sentence 9 Span:633..774 ;In this paper we report the results of our attempts to induce the expression ;of genes necessary for differentiation of neuroblastoma cells. ;[754..767]:malignancy-type:"neuroblastoma" (SENT (S (PP (IN:[633..635] In) (NP (DT:[636..640] this) (NN:[642..647] paper))) (NP-SBJ (PRP:[648..650] we)) (VP (VBP:[651..657] report) (NP (NP (DT:[658..661] the) (NNS:[662..669] results)) (PP (IN:[670..672] of) (NP (PRP$:[673..676] our) (NNS:[677..685] attempts) (S (NP-SBJ (-NONE-:[685..685] *)) (VP (TO:[686..688] to) (VP (VB:[689..695] induce) (NP (NP (DT:[696..699] the) (NN:[700..710] expression)) (PP (IN:[711..713] of) (NP (NP (NNS:[714..719] genes)) (ADJP (JJ:[721..730] necessary) (PP (IN:[731..734] for) (NP (NP (NN:[735..750] differentiation)) (PP (IN:[751..753] of) (NP (NN:[754..767] neuroblastoma) (NNS:[768..773] cells)))))))))))))))) (.:[773..774] .))) ;sentence 10 Span:775..874 ;TrkA codes for the high affinity receptor of NGF, a neurotrophin known to ;promote differentiation. ;[775..779]:gene-rna:"TrkA" ;[809..824]:gene-protein:"receptor of NGF" ;[828..840]:gene-protein:"neurotrophin" (SENT (S (NP-SBJ (NN:[775..779] TrkA)) (VP (VBZ:[780..785] codes) (PP-CLR (IN:[786..789] for) (NP (NP (NP (DT:[790..793] the) (NML (JJ:[794..798] high) (NN:[800..808] affinity)) (NN:[809..817] receptor)) (PP (IN:[818..820] of) (NP (NN:[821..824] NGF)))) (,:[824..825] ,) (NP (NP (DT:[826..827] a) (NN:[828..840] neurotrophin)) (VP (VBN:[841..846] known) (S (NP-SBJ (-NONE-:[846..846] *)) (VP (TO:[847..849] to) (VP (VB:[850..857] promote) (NP (NN:[858..873] differentiation)))))))))) (.:[873..874] .))) ;sentence 11 Span:876..982 ;Treatment with retinoic acid caused a 3-fold increase of the trkA expression ;in neuroblastoma cell lines. ;[937..941]:gene-generic:"trkA" ;[957..970]:malignancy-type:"neuroblastoma" (SENT (S (NP-SBJ (NP (NN:[876..885] Treatment)) (PP (IN:[886..890] with) (NP (JJ:[891..899] retinoic) (NN:[900..904] acid)))) (VP (VBD:[905..911] caused) (NP (NP (DT:[912..913] a) (QP (CD:[914..915] 3) (HYPH:[915..916] -) (JJ:[916..920] fold)) (NN:[921..929] increase)) (PP (IN:[930..932] of) (NP (DT:[933..936] the) (NN:[937..941] trkA) (NN:[942..952] expression)))) (PP-LOC (IN:[953..955] in) (NP (NN:[957..970] neuroblastoma) (NN:[971..975] cell) (NNS:[976..981] lines)))) (.:[981..982] .))) ;sentence 12 Span:983..1096 ;Neurofibromin, the gene product of the NF-1 gene, is involved in ;downregulation of the activity of ras-proteins. ;[983..996]:gene-protein:"Neurofibromin" ;[1022..1026]:gene-rna:"NF-1" ;[1083..1086]:gene-protein:"ras" (SENT (S (NP-SBJ-1 (NP (NN:[983..996] Neurofibromin)) (,:[996..997] ,) (NP (NP (DT:[998..1001] the) (NN:[1002..1006] gene) (NN:[1007..1014] product)) (PP (IN:[1015..1017] of) (NP (DT:[1018..1021] the) (NN:[1022..1026] NF-1) (NN:[1027..1031] gene))))) (,:[1031..1032] ,) (VP (VBZ:[1033..1035] is) (VP (VBN:[1037..1045] involved) (NP-1 (-NONE-:[1045..1045] *)) (PP-CLR (IN:[1046..1048] in) (NP (NP (NN:[1049..1063] downregulation)) (PP (IN:[1064..1066] of) (NP (NP (DT:[1067..1070] the) (NN:[1071..1079] activity)) (PP (IN:[1080..1082] of) (NP (NN:[1083..1086] ras) (HYPH:[1086..1087] -) (NNS:[1087..1095] proteins))))))))) (.:[1095..1096] .))) ;sentence 13 Span:1097..1221 ;In contrast to immature neuronal tissues in mature brain, the type II ;isoform of neurofibromin is predominantly expressed. ;[1160..1192]:gene-protein:"type II isoform of neurofibromin" (SENT (S (PP (IN:[1097..1099] In) (NP (NP (NN:[1100..1108] contrast)) (PP (TO:[1109..1111] to) (NP (NP (JJ:[1113..1121] immature) (JJ:[1122..1130] neuronal) (NNS:[1131..1138] tissues)) (PP (IN:[1139..1141] in) (NP (JJ:[1142..1148] mature) (NN:[1149..1154] brain))))))) (,:[1154..1155] ,) (NP-SBJ-1 (NP (NML (DT:[1156..1159] the) (NML (NN:[1160..1164] type) (CD:[1165..1167] II)) (NN:[1168..1175] isoform))) (PP (IN:[1176..1178] of) (NP (NN:[1179..1192] neurofibromin)))) (VP (VBZ:[1194..1196] is) (ADVP (RB:[1197..1210] predominantly)) (VP (VBN:[1211..1220] expressed) (NP-1 (-NONE-:[1220..1220] *)))) (.:[1220..1221] .))) ;sentence 14 Span:1222..1319 ;Retinoic acid was able to raise the proportion of type II NF-1 expressed in ;neuroblastoma cells. ;[1273..1285]:gene-protein:"type II NF-1" ;[1299..1312]:malignancy-type:"neuroblastoma" (SENT (S (NP-SBJ (JJ:[1222..1230] Retinoic) (NN:[1231..1235] acid)) (VP (VBD:[1236..1239] was) (ADJP-PRD (JJ:[1240..1244] able) (S (NP-SBJ (-NONE-:[1244..1244] *)) (VP (TO:[1245..1247] to) (VP (VB:[1248..1253] raise) (NP (NP (DT:[1254..1257] the) (NN:[1258..1268] proportion)) (PP (IN:[1269..1271] of) (NP (NP (NML (NN:[1273..1277] type) (CD:[1278..1280] II)) (NN:[1281..1285] NF-1)) (VP (VBN:[1286..1295] expressed) (NP (-NONE-:[1295..1295] *)) (PP-LOC (IN:[1296..1298] in) (NP (NN:[1299..1312] neuroblastoma) (NNS:[1313..1318] cells)))))))))))) (.:[1318..1319] .))) ;section 15 Span:1323..1368 ;PMID: 10877072 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] (SEC (FRAG (NNP:[1323..1327] PMID) (::[1327..1328] :) (CD:[1329..1337] 10877072) (NN:[1338..1339] -LSB-) (NNP:[1339..1345] PubMed) (::[1346..1347] -) (NN:[1348..1355] indexed) (IN:[1356..1359] for) (NNP:[1360..1368] MEDLINE-RSB-)))