;PMID: 2183158 ;source_file_1417.mrg ;Release 0.9 of PennBioIE ;Funded by NSF ITR EIA-0205448 ;0)section:[e:0..30] = [t:0..30] ;1)sentence:[e:35..104] = [t:35..104] ;2)section:[e:108..208] = [t:108..208] ;3)section:[e:212..287] = [t:212..287] ;4)sentence:[e:291..476] = [t:291..476] ;5)sentence:[e:477..701] = [t:477..701] ;6)sentence:[e:702..909] = [t:702..909] ;7)sentence:[e:910..1037] = [t:910..1037] ;8)section:[e:1041..1085] = [t:1041..1085] ;section 0 Span:0..30 ;Oncogene 1990 Apr;5(4):565-70 (SEC (FRAG (NNP:[0..8] Oncogene) (CD:[10..14] 1990) (IN:[15..21] Apr;5-LRB-) (CD:[21..23] 4-RRB-) (CD:[23..27] :565) (HYPH:[27..28] -) (CD:[28..30] 70))) ;sentence 1 Span:35..104 ;Presence of mutations in all three ras genes in human thyroid tumors. ;[70..73]:gene-rna:"ras" ;[89..103]:malignancy:"thyroid tumors" (SENT (NP-HLN (NP (NN:[35..43] Presence)) (PP (IN:[44..46] of) (NP (NNS:[47..56] mutations))) (PP-LOC (IN:[57..59] in) (NP (DT:[60..63] all) (CD:[64..69] three) (NN:[70..73] ras) (NNS:[74..79] genes))) (PP-LOC (IN:[80..82] in) (NP (JJ:[83..88] human) (JJ:[89..96] thyroid) (NNS:[97..103] tumors))) (.:[103..104] .))) ;section 2 Span:108..208 ;Suarez HG, du Villard JA, Severino M, Caillou B, Schlumberger M, Tubiana M, ;Parmentier C, Monier R. (SEC (FRAG (NNP:[108..114] Suarez) (NNP:[115..117] HG) (,:[117..118] ,) (NNP:[119..121] du) (NNP:[122..129] Villard) (NNP:[130..132] JA) (,:[132..133] ,) (NNP:[134..142] Severino) (NNP:[143..145] M,) (NNP:[146..153] Caillou) (NNP:[154..155] B) (,:[155..156] ,) (NNP:[157..169] Schlumberger) (NNP:[170..172] M,) (NNP:[173..180] Tubiana) (NNP:[181..183] M,) (NNP:[185..195] Parmentier) (NNP:[196..197] C) (,:[197..198] ,) (NNP:[199..205] Monier) (NNP:[206..208] R.))) ;section 3 Span:212..287 ;Institut de recherches scientifiques sur le cancer-CNRS, Villejuif, France. (SEC (FRAG (NNP:[212..220] Institut) (IN:[221..223] de) (NNP:[224..234] recherches) (CC:[235..248] scientifiques) (VBG:[249..252] sur) (JJ:[253..255] le) (NN:[256..262] cancer) (HYPH:[262..263] -) (JJ:[263..267] CNRS) (,:[267..268] ,) (NNP:[269..278] Villejuif) (,:[278..279] ,) (NNP:[280..286] France) (.:[286..287] .))) ;sentence 4 Span:291..476 ;Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification followed by oligonucleotide ;probing was used to investigate the presence of ras genes mutations in human ;thyroid adenomas and carcinomas. ;[291..301]:gene-protein:"Polymerase" ;[414..417]:gene-rna:"ras" ;[444..460]:malignancy:"thyroid adenomas" ;[444..451]...[465..475]:malignancy:"thyroid"..."carcinomas" (SENT (S (NP-SBJ-3 (NP (NML (NML (NN:[291..301] Polymerase) (NN:[302..307] chain) (NN:[308..316] reaction)) (NML (-LRB-:[317..318] -LRB-) (NN:[318..321] PCR) (-RRB-:[321..322] -RRB-))) (NN:[323..336] amplification)) (VP (VBN:[337..345] followed) (NP (-NONE-:[345..345] *)) (PP (IN:[346..348] by) (NP-LGS (NN:[349..364] oligonucleotide) (NN:[366..373] probing))))) (VP (VBD:[374..377] was) (VP (VBN:[378..382] used) (NP-3 (-NONE-:[382..382] *)) (S-PRP (NP-SBJ (-NONE-:[382..382] *)) (VP (TO:[383..385] to) (VP (VB:[386..397] investigate) (NP (NP (DT:[398..401] the) (NN:[402..410] presence)) (PP (IN:[411..413] of) (NP (NN:[414..417] ras) (NNS:[418..423] genes) (NNS:[424..433] mutations)))) (PP-LOC (IN:[434..436] in) (NP (NP (ADJP-1 (JJ:[437..442] human)) (ADJP-2 (JJ:[444..451] thyroid)) (NNS:[452..460] adenomas)) (CC:[461..464] and) (NP (ADJP-1 (-NONE-:[464..464] *P*)) (ADJP-2 (-NONE-:[464..464] *P*)) (NNS:[465..475] carcinomas))))))))) (.:[475..476] .))) ;sentence 5 Span:477..701 ;The results confirm the frequent occurrence of mutations in all three ras ;genes in both adenomas and carcinomas, in agreement with the hypothesis that ;the ras mutations may constitute early steps in thyroid tumorigenesis. ;[548..551]:gene-rna:"ras" ;[566..574]:malignancy:"adenomas" ;[579..589]:malignancy:"carcinomas" ;[634..637]:gene-rna:"ras" (SENT (S (NP-SBJ (DT:[477..480] The) (NNS:[481..488] results)) (VP (VBP:[489..496] confirm) (NP (NP (DT:[497..500] the) (JJ:[501..509] frequent) (NN:[510..520] occurrence)) (PP (IN:[521..523] of) (NP (NNS:[525..534] mutations))) (PP-LOC (IN:[535..537] in) (NP (DT:[538..541] all) (CD:[542..547] three) (NN:[548..551] ras) (NNS:[552..557] genes))) (PP-LOC (IN:[558..560] in) (NP (CC:[561..565] both) (NNS:[566..574] adenomas) (CC:[575..578] and) (NNS:[579..589] carcinomas)))) (,:[589..590] ,) (PP (IN:[591..593] in) (NP (NP (NN:[594..603] agreement)) (PP (IN:[605..609] with) (NP (DT:[610..613] the) (NN:[614..624] hypothesis) (SBAR (IN:[625..629] that) (S (NP-SBJ (DT:[630..633] the) (NN:[634..637] ras) (NNS:[638..647] mutations)) (VP (MD:[648..651] may) (VP (VB:[652..662] constitute) (NP (JJ:[663..668] early) (NNS:[669..674] steps)) (PP (IN:[675..677] in) (NP (JJ:[678..685] thyroid) (NN:[687..700] tumorigenesis)))))))))))) (.:[700..701] .))) ;sentence 6 Span:702..909 ;No evident correlation between the frequency of ras mutations, the identity ;of the mutated ras gene, the position affected in the ras gene or the type ;of mutation and the pathological features is apparent. ;[750..753]:gene-rna:"ras" ;[794..797]:gene-rna:"ras" ;[833..836]:gene-rna:"ras" (SENT (S (NP-SBJ (NP (DT:[702..704] No) (JJ:[705..712] evident) (NN:[713..724] correlation)) (PP (IN:[725..732] between) (NP (NP (NP (NP (DT:[733..736] the) (NN:[737..746] frequency)) (PP (IN:[747..749] of) (NP (NN:[750..753] ras) (NNS:[754..763] mutations)))) (,:[763..764] ,) (NP (NP (DT:[766..769] the) (NN:[770..778] identity)) (PP (IN:[779..781] of) (NP (DT:[782..785] the) (VBN:[786..793] mutated) (NN:[794..797] ras) (NN:[798..802] gene)))) (,:[802..803] ,) (NP (NP (DT:[804..807] the) (NN:[808..816] position)) (VP (VBN:[817..825] affected) (NP (-NONE-:[825..825] *)) (PP (IN:[826..828] in) (NP (DT:[829..832] the) (NN:[833..836] ras) (NN:[837..841] gene))))) (CC:[842..844] or) (NP (NP (DT:[846..849] the) (NN:[850..854] type)) (PP (IN:[855..857] of) (NP (NN:[858..866] mutation))))) (CC:[867..870] and) (NP (DT:[871..874] the) (JJ:[875..887] pathological) (NNS:[888..896] features))))) (VP (VBZ:[897..899] is) (ADJP-PRD (JJ:[900..908] apparent))) (.:[908..909] .))) ;sentence 7 Span:910..1037 ;However, definitive conclusion on this point is precluded because of the ;small number of tumors examined at the present time. (SENT (S (ADVP (RB:[910..917] However)) (,:[917..918] ,) (NP-SBJ-1 (NP (JJ:[920..930] definitive) (NN:[931..941] conclusion)) (PP (IN:[942..944] on) (NP (DT:[945..949] this) (NN:[950..955] point)))) (VP (VBZ:[956..958] is) (VP (VBN:[959..968] precluded) (NP-1 (-NONE-:[968..968] *)) (PP (IN:[969..976] because) (PP (IN:[977..979] of) (NP (NP (DT:[980..983] the) (JJ:[984..989] small) (NN:[990..996] number)) (PP (IN:[997..999] of) (NP (NP (NNS:[1001..1007] tumors)) (VP (VBN:[1008..1016] examined) (NP (-NONE-:[1016..1016] *)))))))) (PP (IN:[1017..1019] at) (NP (DT:[1020..1023] the) (JJ:[1024..1031] present) (NN:[1032..1036] time))))) (.:[1036..1037] .))) ;section 8 Span:1041..1085 ;PMID: 2183158 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] (SEC (FRAG (NNP:[1041..1045] PMID) (::[1045..1046] :) (CD:[1047..1054] 2183158) (IN:[1055..1056] -LSB-) (NNP:[1056..1062] PubMed) (HYPH:[1063..1064] -) (JJ:[1065..1072] indexed) (IN:[1073..1076] for) (NNP:[1077..1085] MEDLINE-RSB-)))