;PMID: 9024310 ;source_file_1408.mrg ;Release 0.9 of PennBioIE ;Funded by NSF ITR EIA-0205448 ;0)section:[e:0..39] = [t:0..39] ;1)sentence:[e:44..138] = [t:44..138] ;2)section:[e:142..244] = [t:142..244] ;3)section:[e:248..314] = [t:248..314] ;4)sentence:[e:318..468] = [t:318..468] ;5)sentence:[e:469..605] = [t:469..605] ;6)sentence:[e:606..762] = [t:606..762] ;7)sentence:[e:763..1010] = [t:763..1010] ;8)sentence:[e:1011..1172] = [t:1011..1172] ;9)sentence:[e:1173..1343] = [t:1173..1343] ;10)sentence:[e:1344..1411] = [t:1344..1411] ;11)sentence:[e:1412..1584] = [t:1412..1584] ;12)section:[e:1588..1632] = [t:1588..1632] ;section 0 Span:0..39 ;Gastroenterology 1997 Feb;112(2):561-6 (SEC (FRAG (VB:[0..16] Gastroenterology) (CD:[18..22] 1997) (-LRB-:[23..31] Feb;112-LRB-) (CD:[31..32] 2) (-RRB-:[32..33] -RRB-) (CD:[33..37] :561) (HYPH:[37..38] -) (CD:[38..39] 6))) ;sentence 1 Span:44..138 ;Multiple hyperplastic polyps in the stomach: evidence for clonality and ;neoplastic potential. ;[53..87]:malignancy:"hyperplastic polyps in the stomach" (SENT (NP-HLN (NP (NP (JJ:[44..52] Multiple) (JJ:[53..65] hyperplastic) (NNS:[66..72] polyps)) (PP-LOC (IN:[73..75] in) (NP (DT:[76..79] the) (NN:[80..87] stomach)))) (::[87..88] :) (NP (NP (NN:[89..97] evidence)) (PP (IN:[98..101] for) (NP (NP (NN:[102..111] clonality)) (CC:[112..115] and) (NP (JJ:[117..127] neoplastic) (NN:[128..137] potential))))) (.:[137..138] .))) ;section 2 Span:142..244 ;Dijkhuizen SM, Entius MM, Clement MJ, Polak MM, Van den Berg FM, Craanen ME, ;Slebos RJ, Offerhaus GJ. (SEC (FRAG (NNP:[142..152] Dijkhuizen) (NNP:[153..155] SM) (,:[155..156] ,) (NNP:[157..163] Entius) (NNP:[164..166] MM) (,:[166..167] ,) (NNP:[168..175] Clement) (NNP:[176..178] MJ) (,:[178..179] ,) (NNP:[180..185] Polak) (NNP:[186..188] MM) (,:[188..189] ,) (NNP:[190..193] Van) (NNS:[194..197] den) (NNP:[198..202] Berg) (NNP:[203..205] FM) (,:[205..206] ,) (NNP:[207..214] Craanen) (NNP:[215..217] ME) (,:[217..218] ,) (NNP:[220..226] Slebos) (NNP:[227..229] RJ) (,:[229..230] ,) (NNP:[231..240] Offerhaus) (NNP:[241..244] GJ.))) ;section 3 Span:248..314 ;Department of Pathology, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands. (SEC (FRAG (NNP:[248..258] Department) (IN:[259..261] of) (NNP:[262..271] Pathology) (,:[271..272] ,) (NNP:[273..283] University) (IN:[284..286] of) (NNP:[287..296] Amsterdam) (,:[296..297] ,) (DT:[298..301] The) (NNP:[302..313] Netherlands) (.:[313..314] .))) ;sentence 4 Span:318..468 ;The origin and neoplastic potential of gastric epithelial polyps remains an ;area of great interest, and treatment choices are a topic of controversy. ;[357..382]:malignancy:"gastric epithelial polyps" (SENT (S (S (NP-SBJ (NP (NP (DT:[318..321] The) (NN:[322..328] origin)) (CC:[329..332] and) (NP (JJ:[333..343] neoplastic) (NN:[344..353] potential))) (PP (IN:[354..356] of) (NP (JJ:[357..364] gastric) (JJ:[365..375] epithelial) (NNS:[376..382] polyps)))) (VP (VBZ:[383..390] remains) (NP-PRD (NP (DT:[391..393] an) (NN:[394..398] area)) (PP (IN:[400..402] of) (NP (JJ:[403..408] great) (NN:[409..417] interest)))))) (,:[417..418] ,) (CC:[419..422] and) (S (NP-SBJ (NN:[423..432] treatment) (NNS:[433..440] choices)) (VP (VBP:[441..444] are) (NP-PRD (NP (DT:[445..446] a) (NN:[447..452] topic)) (PP (IN:[453..455] of) (NP (NN:[456..467] controversy)))))) (.:[467..468] .))) ;sentence 5 Span:469..605 ;This report describes a patient diagnosed with three concurrent hyperplastic ;gastric polyps that were studied for genetic alterations. ;[534..561]:malignancy:"hyperplastic gastric polyps" (SENT (S (NP-SBJ (DT:[469..473] This) (NN:[474..480] report)) (VP (VBZ:[482..491] describes) (NP (NP (DT:[492..493] a) (NN:[494..501] patient)) (VP (VBN:[502..511] diagnosed) (NP (-NONE-:[511..511] *)) (PP (IN:[512..516] with) (NP (NP (CD:[517..522] three) (JJ:[523..533] concurrent) (JJ:[534..546] hyperplastic) (JJ:[547..554] gastric) (NNS:[555..561] polyps)) (SBAR (WHNP-1 (WDT:[563..567] that)) (S (NP-SBJ-1 (-NONE-:[567..567] *T*)) (VP (VBD:[568..572] were) (VP (VBN:[573..580] studied) (NP-1 (-NONE-:[580..580] *)) (PP (IN:[581..584] for) (NP (JJ:[585..592] genetic) (NNS:[593..604] alterations)))))))))))) (.:[604..605] .))) ;sentence 6 Span:606..762 ;The polyps were investigated for alterations in the K-ras oncogene and the ;p53 tumor suppressor gene and for p21WAF1/Cip1 and MDM2 protein ;overexpression. ;[610..616]:malignancy:"polyps" ;[659..664]:gene-rna:"K-ras" ;[682..685]:gene-rna:"p53" ;[717..724]:gene-protein:"p21WAF1" ;[725..729]:gene-protein:"Cip1" ;[734..738]:gene-protein:"MDM2" (SENT (S (NP-SBJ-1 (DT:[606..609] The) (NNS:[610..616] polyps)) (VP (VBD:[617..621] were) (VP (VBN:[622..634] investigated) (NP-1 (-NONE-:[634..634] *)) (PP (PP (IN:[635..638] for) (NP (NP (NNS:[640..651] alterations)) (PP-LOC (IN:[652..654] in) (NP (NP (DT:[655..658] the) (NN:[659..664] K-ras) (NN:[665..673] oncogene)) (CC:[674..677] and) (NP (DT:[678..681] the) (NN:[682..685] p53) (NML (NN:[686..691] tumor) (NN:[692..702] suppressor)) (NN:[703..707] gene)))))) (CC:[708..711] and) (PP (IN:[712..715] for) (NP (NP (NN:[717..724] p21WAF1) (SYM:[724..725] /) (NN:[725..729] Cip1) (NML-2 (-NONE-:[729..729] *P*))) (CC:[730..733] and) (NP (NN:[734..738] MDM2) (NML-2 (NN:[739..746] protein) (NN:[747..761] overexpression)))))))) (.:[761..762] .))) ;sentence 7 Span:763..1010 ;In addition, loss of heterozygosity at several loci that are frequently ;involved in human cancer was analyzed, microsatellite instability, a ;hallmark of the "mutator" phenotype, was determined, and Epstein-Barr virus ;infection was investigated. ;[776..799]:variation-type:"loss of heterozygosity" (SENT (S (S (PP (IN:[763..765] In) (NP (NN:[766..774] addition))) (,:[774..775] ,) (NP-SBJ-4 (NP (NN:[776..780] loss)) (PP (IN:[781..783] of) (NP (NN:[785..799] heterozygosity))) (PP-LOC (IN:[800..802] at) (NP (NP (JJ:[803..810] several) (NNS:[811..815] loci)) (SBAR (WHNP-3 (WDT:[816..820] that)) (S (NP-SBJ-3 (-NONE-:[820..820] *T*)) (VP (VBP:[821..824] are) (ADVP-TMP (RB:[825..835] frequently)) (VP (VBN:[836..844] involved) (NP-3 (-NONE-:[844..844] *)) (PP-CLR (IN:[845..847] in) (NP (JJ:[848..853] human) (NN:[854..860] cancer)))))))))) (VP (VBD:[861..864] was) (VP (VBN:[866..874] analyzed) (NP-4 (-NONE-:[874..874] *))))) (,:[874..875] ,) (S (NP-SBJ-2 (NP (NN:[876..890] microsatellite) (NN:[891..902] instability)) (,:[902..903] ,) (NP (NP (DT:[904..905] a) (NN:[906..914] hallmark)) (PP (IN:[915..917] of) (NP (DT:[918..921] the) (``:[922..923] ") (NN:[923..930] mutator) ('':[930..931] ") (NN:[932..941] phenotype))))) (,:[941..942] ,) (VP (VBD:[943..946] was) (VP (VBN:[948..958] determined) (NP-2 (-NONE-:[958..958] *))))) (,:[958..959] ,) (CC:[960..963] and) (NP-SBJ-1 (NML (NNP:[964..971] Epstein) (HYPH:[971..972] -) (NNP:[972..976] Barr)) (NN:[977..982] virus) (NN:[983..992] infection)) (VP (VBD:[993..996] was) (VP (VBN:[997..1009] investigated) (NP-1 (-NONE-:[1009..1009] *)))) (.:[1009..1010] .))) ;sentence 8 Span:1011..1172 ;All separate areas from the three independent polyps harbored the same ;activating point mutation in codon 12 of the K-ras oncogene, indicating a ;clonal origin. ;[1058..1064]:malignancy:"polyps" ;[1094..1109]:variation-type:"point mutation" ;[1113..1121]:variation-location:"codon 12" ;[1129..1134]:gene-rna:"K-ras" (SENT (S (NP-SBJ (NP (DT:[1011..1014] All) (JJ:[1015..1023] separate) (NNS:[1025..1030] areas)) (PP (IN:[1031..1035] from) (NP (DT:[1036..1039] the) (CD:[1040..1045] three) (JJ:[1046..1057] independent) (NNS:[1058..1064] polyps)))) (VP (VBD:[1065..1073] harbored) (NP (DT:[1074..1077] the) (JJ:[1078..1082] same) (VBG:[1083..1093] activating) (NN:[1094..1099] point) (NN:[1101..1109] mutation)) (PP-LOC (IN:[1110..1112] in) (NP (NP (NN:[1113..1118] codon) (CD:[1119..1121] 12)) (PP (IN:[1122..1124] of) (NP (DT:[1125..1128] the) (NN:[1129..1134] K-ras) (NN:[1135..1143] oncogene))))) (,:[1143..1144] ,) (S-ADV (NP-SBJ (-NONE-:[1144..1144] *)) (VP (VBG:[1145..1155] indicating) (NP (DT:[1156..1157] a) (JJ:[1158..1164] clonal) (NN:[1165..1171] origin))))) (.:[1171..1172] .))) ;sentence 9 Span:1173..1343 ;DNA sequence alterations in p53 were not found, although high p53 protein ;levels could be shown by immunohistochemistry in areas of carcinoma within ;the largest polyp. ;[1202..1205]:gene-rna:"p53" ;[1236..1239]:gene-protein:"p53" ;[1307..1316]:malignancy:"carcinoma" ;[1337..1342]:malignancy:"polyp" (SENT (S (NP-SBJ-1 (NP (NN:[1173..1176] DNA) (NN:[1178..1186] sequence) (NNS:[1187..1198] alterations)) (PP-LOC (IN:[1199..1201] in) (NP (NN:[1202..1205] p53)))) (VP (VBD:[1206..1210] were) (RB:[1211..1214] not) (VP (VBN:[1215..1220] found) (NP-1 (-NONE-:[1220..1220] *)) (,:[1220..1221] ,) (SBAR-ADV (IN:[1222..1230] although) (S (NP-SBJ-2 (JJ:[1231..1235] high) (NN:[1236..1239] p53) (NN:[1240..1247] protein) (NNS:[1248..1254] levels)) (VP (MD:[1256..1261] could) (VP (VB:[1262..1264] be) (VP (VBN:[1265..1270] shown) (NP-2 (-NONE-:[1270..1270] *)) (PP-MNR (IN:[1271..1273] by) (NP (NN:[1274..1294] immunohistochemistry))) (PP-LOC (IN:[1295..1297] in) (NP (NP (NNS:[1298..1303] areas)) (PP (IN:[1304..1306] of) (NP (NN:[1307..1316] carcinoma))) (PP-LOC (IN:[1317..1323] within) (NP (DT:[1324..1327] the) (JJS:[1328..1335] largest) (NN:[1337..1342] polyp)))))))))))) (.:[1342..1343] .))) ;sentence 10 Span:1344..1411 ;No alterations in any of the other molecular markers were observed. (SENT (S (NP-SBJ-1 (NP (DT:[1344..1346] No) (NNS:[1347..1358] alterations)) (PP (IN:[1359..1361] in) (NP (NP (DT:[1362..1365] any)) (PP (IN:[1366..1368] of) (NP (DT:[1369..1372] the) (JJ:[1373..1378] other) (JJ:[1379..1388] molecular) (NNS:[1389..1396] markers)))))) (VP (VBD:[1397..1401] were) (VP (VBN:[1402..1410] observed) (NP-1 (-NONE-:[1410..1410] *)))) (.:[1410..1411] .))) ;sentence 11 Span:1412..1584 ;The results strongly favor a clonal origin of the three independent gastric ;polyps and support the notion that these hyperplastic polyps may carry a ;risk for malignancy. ;[1481..1495]:malignancy:"gastric polyps" ;[1531..1550]:malignancy:"hyperplastic polyps" (SENT (S (NP-SBJ (DT:[1412..1415] The) (NNS:[1417..1424] results)) (ADVP (RB:[1425..1433] strongly)) (VP (VP (VBP:[1434..1439] favor) (NP (NP (DT:[1440..1441] a) (JJ:[1442..1448] clonal) (NN:[1449..1455] origin)) (PP (IN:[1456..1458] of) (NP (DT:[1459..1462] the) (CD:[1463..1468] three) (JJ:[1469..1480] independent) (JJ:[1481..1488] gastric) (NNS:[1489..1495] polyps))))) (CC:[1497..1500] and) (VP (VBP:[1501..1508] support) (NP (DT:[1509..1512] the) (NN:[1513..1519] notion) (SBAR (IN:[1520..1524] that) (S (NP-SBJ (DT:[1525..1530] these) (JJ:[1531..1543] hyperplastic) (NNS:[1544..1550] polyps)) (VP (MD:[1551..1554] may) (VP (VB:[1555..1560] carry) (NP (NP (DT:[1561..1562] a) (NN:[1563..1567] risk)) (PP (IN:[1568..1571] for) (NP (NN:[1573..1583] malignancy))))))))))) (.:[1583..1584] .))) ;section 12 Span:1588..1632 ;PMID: 9024310 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] (SEC (FRAG (NNP:[1588..1592] PMID) (::[1592..1593] :) (CD:[1594..1601] 9024310) (IN:[1602..1603] -LSB-) (NNP:[1603..1609] PubMed) (HYPH:[1610..1611] -) (JJ:[1612..1619] indexed) (IN:[1620..1623] for) (NNP:[1624..1632] MEDLINE-RSB-)))