;PMID: 9560119 ;source_file_1404.mrg ;Release 0.9 of PennBioIE ;Funded by NSF ITR EIA-0205448 ;0)section:[e:0..34] = [t:0..34] ;1)sentence:[e:39..108] = [t:39..108] ;2)section:[e:112..168] = [t:112..168] ;3)section:[e:172..260] = [t:172..260] ;4)sentence:[e:264..275] = [t:264..275] ;5)sentence:[e:276..376] = [t:276..376] ;6)sentence:[e:377..481] = [t:377..481] ;7)sentence:[e:482..503] = [t:482..503] ;8)sentence:[e:505..667] = [t:505..667] ;9)sentence:[e:668..676] = [t:668..676] ;10)sentence:[e:677..801] = [t:677..801] ;11)sentence:[e:802..957] = [t:802..957] ;12)sentence:[e:958..1171] = [t:958..1171] ;13)sentence:[e:1172..1184] = [t:1172..1184] ;14)sentence:[e:1185..1366] = [t:1185..1366] ;15)section:[e:1370..1414] = [t:1370..1414] ;section 0 Span:0..34 ;Am J Surg 1998 Mar;175(3):198-202 (SEC (FRAG (NNP:[0..2] Am) (NNP:[3..4] J) (NNP:[5..9] Surg) (CD:[11..15] 1998) (CD:[16..24] Mar;175-LRB-) (CD:[24..25] 3) (-RRB-:[25..26] -RRB-) (CD:[26..30] :198) (HYPH:[30..31] -) (CD:[31..34] 202))) ;sentence 1 Span:39..108 ;The type of K-ras mutation determines prognosis in colorectal cancer. ;[51..56]:gene-rna:"K-ras" ;[90..107]:malignancy:"colorectal cancer" (SENT (S-HLN (NP-SBJ (NP (DT:[39..42] The) (NN:[43..47] type)) (PP (IN:[48..50] of) (NP (NN:[51..56] K-ras) (NN:[57..65] mutation)))) (VP (VBZ:[66..76] determines) (NP (NN:[77..86] prognosis)) (PP (IN:[87..89] in) (NP (JJ:[90..100] colorectal) (NN:[101..107] cancer)))) (.:[107..108] .))) ;section 2 Span:112..168 ;Cerottini JP, Caplin S, Saraga E, Givel JC, Benhattar J. (SEC (FRAG (NNP:[112..121] Cerottini) (NNP:[122..124] JP) (,:[124..125] ,) (NNP:[126..132] Caplin) (NNP:[133..135] S,) (NNP:[136..142] Saraga) (NNP:[143..144] E) (,:[144..145] ,) (NNP:[146..151] Givel) (NNP:[152..154] JC) (,:[154..155] ,) (NNP:[156..165] Benhattar) (NNP:[166..168] J.))) ;section 3 Span:172..260 ;Department of Surgery, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, ;Switzerland. (SEC (FRAG (NNP:[172..182] Department) (IN:[183..185] of) (NNP:[186..193] Surgery) (,:[193..194] ,) (NNP:[195..201] Centre) (NNP:[202..213] Hospitalier) (NNP:[214..227] Universitaire) (NNP:[228..235] Vaudois) (,:[235..236] ,) (NNP:[237..245] Lausanne) (,:[245..246] ,) (NNP:[248..259] Switzerland) (.:[259..260] .))) ;sentence 4 Span:264..275 ;BACKGROUND: (SENT (NP (NN:[264..274] BACKGROUND) (::[274..275] :))) ;sentence 5 Span:276..376 ;Mutations involving the oncogene K-ras in colorectal cancer may be related ;to tumor aggressiveness. ;[309..314]:gene-rna:"K-ras" ;[318..335]:malignancy:"colorectal cancer" (SENT (S (NP-SBJ-1 (NP (NNS:[276..285] Mutations)) (VP (VBG:[286..295] involving) (NP (NP (DT:[296..299] the) (NN:[300..308] oncogene)) (NP (NN:[309..314] K-ras))) (PP (IN:[315..317] in) (NP (JJ:[318..328] colorectal) (NN:[329..335] cancer))))) (VP (MD:[336..339] may) (VP (VB:[340..342] be) (VP (VBN:[344..351] related) (NP-1 (-NONE-:[351..351] *)) (PP-CLR (TO:[352..354] to) (NP (NN:[355..360] tumor) (NN:[361..375] aggressiveness)))))) (.:[375..376] .))) ;sentence 6 Span:377..481 ;However, the value of K-ras gene determination as a prognostic marker has ;not been clearly established. ;[399..404]:gene-rna:"K-ras" (SENT (S (ADVP (RB:[377..384] However)) (,:[384..385] ,) (NP-SBJ-1 (NP (DT:[386..389] the) (NN:[390..395] value)) (PP (IN:[396..398] of) (NP (NN:[399..404] K-ras) (NN:[405..409] gene) (NN:[410..423] determination))) (PP (IN:[425..427] as) (NP (DT:[428..429] a) (JJ:[430..440] prognostic) (NN:[441..447] marker)))) (VP (VBZ:[448..451] has) (RB:[452..455] not) (VP (VBN:[456..460] been) (ADVP (RB:[461..468] clearly)) (VP (VBN:[469..480] established) (NP-1 (-NONE-:[480..480] *))))) (.:[480..481] .))) ;sentence 7 Span:482..503 ;PATIENTS AND METHODS: (SENT (NP (NNS:[482..490] PATIENTS) (CC:[491..494] AND) (NNS:[495..502] METHODS) (::[502..503] :))) ;sentence 8 Span:505..667 ;The results from 98 patients recruited in a prospective study analyzing the ;effect of a K-ras mutation as a prognostic factor in colorectal cancer are ;reported. ;[594..599]:gene-rna:"K-ras" ;[635..652]:malignancy:"colorectal cancer" (SENT (S (NP-SBJ-1 (NP (DT:[505..508] The) (NNS:[509..516] results)) (PP (IN:[517..521] from) (NP (NP (CD:[522..524] 98) (NNS:[525..533] patients)) (VP (VBN:[534..543] recruited) (NP (-NONE-:[543..543] *)) (PP (IN:[544..546] in) (NP (NP (DT:[547..548] a) (JJ:[549..560] prospective) (NN:[561..566] study)) (VP (VBG:[567..576] analyzing) (NP (NP (DT:[577..580] the) (NN:[582..588] effect)) (PP (IN:[589..591] of) (NP (DT:[592..593] a) (NN:[594..599] K-ras) (NN:[600..608] mutation))) (PP (IN:[609..611] as) (NP (DT:[612..613] a) (JJ:[614..624] prognostic) (NN:[625..631] factor))) (PP (IN:[632..634] in) (NP (JJ:[635..645] colorectal) (NN:[646..652] cancer))))))))))) (VP (VBP:[653..656] are) (VP (VBN:[658..666] reported) (NP-1 (-NONE-:[666..666] *)))) (.:[666..667] .))) ;sentence 9 Span:668..676 ;RESULTS: (SENT (NP (NNS:[668..675] RESULTS) (::[675..676] :))) ;sentence 10 Span:677..801 ;Disease-free (P = 0.02) and overall survival (P = 0.03) were significantly ;reduced for patients harboring a K-ras mutation. ;[786..791]:gene-rna:"K-ras" (SENT (S (NP-SBJ-1 (NP (NN:[677..684] Disease) (HYPH:[684..685] -) (JJ:[685..689] free) (PRN (-LRB-:[690..691] -LRB-) (S (NP-SBJ (NN:[691..692] P)) (VP (SYM:[693..694] =) (NP (CD:[695..699] 0.02)))) (-RRB-:[699..700] -RRB-))) (CC:[701..704] and) (NP (JJ:[705..712] overall) (NN:[713..721] survival) (PRN (-LRB-:[722..723] -LRB-) (S (NP-SBJ (NN:[723..724] P)) (VP (SYM:[725..726] =) (NP (CD:[727..731] 0.03)))) (-RRB-:[731..732] -RRB-)))) (VP (VBD:[733..737] were) (ADVP (RB:[739..752] significantly)) (VP (VBN:[753..760] reduced) (NP-1 (-NONE-:[760..760] *)) (PP (IN:[761..764] for) (NP (NP (NNS:[765..773] patients)) (VP (VBG:[774..783] harboring) (NP (DT:[784..785] a) (NN:[786..791] K-ras) (NN:[792..800] mutation))))))) (.:[800..801] .))) ;sentence 11 Span:802..957 ;Two specific mutations demonstrated a significantly increased risk of ;disease recurrence, namely, 12-TGT (P = 0.04) and 13-GAC substitutions (P = ;0.002). ;[816..825]:variation-event:"mutations" ;[902..904]:variation-location:"12" ;[905..908]:variation-state-generic:"TGT" ;[924..926]:variation-location:"13" ;[927..930]:variation-state-generic:"GAC" ;[931..944]:variation-type:"substitutions" (SENT (S (NP-SBJ (NP (CD:[802..805] Two) (JJ:[806..814] specific) (NNS:[816..825] mutations)) (NP-2 (-NONE-:[825..825] *ICH*))) (VP (VBD:[826..838] demonstrated) (NP (NP (DT:[839..840] a) (ADJP (RB:[841..854] significantly) (VBN:[855..864] increased)) (NN:[865..869] risk)) (PP (IN:[870..872] of) (NP (NN:[873..880] disease) (NN:[881..891] recurrence)))) (,:[891..892] ,) (NP-2 (ADVP (RB:[894..900] namely)) (,:[900..901] ,) (NP (NML (CD:[902..904] 12) (HYPH:[904..905] -) (NN:[905..908] TGT)) (NML-1 (-NONE-:[908..908] *P*)) (PRN (-LRB-:[909..910] -LRB-) (S (NP-SBJ (NN:[910..911] P)) (VP (SYM:[912..913] =) (NP (CD:[914..918] 0.04)))) (-RRB-:[918..919] -RRB-))) (CC:[920..923] and) (NP (NML (CD:[924..926] 13) (HYPH:[926..927] -) (NN:[927..930] GAC)) (NML-1 (NNS:[931..944] substitutions)) (PRN (-LRB-:[945..946] -LRB-) (S (NP-SBJ (NN:[946..947] P)) (VP (SYM:[948..949] =) (NP (CD:[950..955] 0.002)))) (-RRB-:[955..956] -RRB-))))) (.:[956..957] .))) ;sentence 12 Span:958..1171 ;Patients with either of these substitutions had a 2-year disease-free ;survival rate of 37% compared with that of 67% for the group of patients ;harboring any other mutation type or a wild-type status (P = 0.01). ;[989..1002]:variation-type:"substitutions" ;[1123..1131]:variation-event:"mutation" (SENT (S (NP-SBJ (NP (NNS:[958..966] Patients)) (PP (IN:[967..971] with) (NP (NP (DT:[973..979] either)) (PP (IN:[980..982] of) (NP (DT:[983..988] these) (NNS:[989..1002] substitutions)))))) (VP (VBD:[1003..1006] had) (NP (NP (DT:[1007..1008] a) (NML (NML (CD:[1009..1010] 2) (HYPH:[1010..1011] -) (NN:[1011..1015] year)) (NN:[1016..1023] disease) (HYPH:[1023..1024] -) (JJ:[1024..1028] free)) (NN:[1029..1037] survival) (NN:[1038..1042] rate)) (PP (IN:[1043..1045] of) (NP (CD:[1046..1048] 37) (NN:[1048..1049] %)))) (S-ADV (NP-SBJ-1 (-NONE-:[1049..1049] *)) (VP (VBN:[1051..1059] compared) (NP-1 (-NONE-:[1059..1059] *)) (PP-CLR (IN:[1060..1064] with) (NP (NP (DT:[1065..1069] that)) (PP (IN:[1070..1072] of) (NP (CD:[1073..1075] 67) (NN:[1075..1076] %))) (PP (IN:[1077..1080] for) (NP (NP (NP (DT:[1081..1084] the) (NN:[1085..1090] group)) (PP (IN:[1091..1093] of) (NP (NNS:[1094..1102] patients)))) (VP (VBG:[1103..1112] harboring) (NP (NP (DT:[1113..1116] any) (JJ:[1117..1122] other) (NN:[1123..1131] mutation) (NN:[1133..1137] type)) (CC:[1138..1140] or) (NP (DT:[1141..1142] a) (NML (JJ:[1143..1147] wild) (HYPH:[1147..1148] -) (NN:[1148..1152] type)) (NN:[1153..1159] status)))))))) (PRN (-LRB-:[1160..1161] -LRB-) (S (NP-SBJ (NN:[1161..1162] P)) (VP (SYM:[1163..1164] =) (NP (CD:[1165..1169] 0.01)))) (-RRB-:[1169..1170] -RRB-))))) (.:[1170..1171] .))) ;sentence 13 Span:1172..1184 ;CONCLUSIONS: (SENT (NP (NNS:[1172..1183] CONCLUSIONS) (::[1183..1184] :))) ;sentence 14 Span:1185..1366 ;The results herein presented suggest that K-ras acts as a prognostic factor ;in colorectal cancer and that this effect is probably related to a limited ;number of defined mutations. ;[1228..1233]:gene-rna:"K-ras" ;[1265..1282]:malignancy:"colorectal cancer" ;[1356..1365]:variation-event:"mutations" (SENT (S (NP-SBJ (NP (DT:[1185..1188] The) (NNS:[1189..1196] results)) (VP (ADVP (RB:[1197..1203] herein)) (VBN:[1204..1213] presented) (NP (-NONE-:[1213..1213] *)))) (VP (VBP:[1215..1222] suggest) (SBAR (SBAR (IN:[1223..1227] that) (S (NP-SBJ (NN:[1228..1233] K-ras)) (VP (VBZ:[1234..1238] acts) (PP (IN:[1239..1241] as) (NP (DT:[1242..1243] a) (JJ:[1244..1254] prognostic) (NN:[1255..1261] factor))) (PP (IN:[1262..1264] in) (NP (JJ:[1265..1275] colorectal) (NN:[1276..1282] cancer)))))) (CC:[1283..1286] and) (SBAR (IN:[1287..1291] that) (S (NP-SBJ-1 (DT:[1293..1297] this) (NN:[1298..1304] effect)) (VP (VBZ:[1305..1307] is) (ADVP (RB:[1308..1316] probably)) (VP (VBN:[1317..1324] related) (NP-1 (-NONE-:[1324..1324] *)) (PP-CLR (TO:[1325..1327] to) (NP (NP (DT:[1328..1329] a) (VBN:[1330..1337] limited) (NN:[1338..1344] number)) (PP (IN:[1345..1347] of) (NP (VBN:[1348..1355] defined) (NNS:[1356..1365] mutations))))))))))) (.:[1365..1366] .))) ;section 15 Span:1370..1414 ;PMID: 9560119 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] (SEC (FRAG (NNP:[1370..1374] PMID) (::[1374..1375] :) (CD:[1376..1383] 9560119) (IN:[1384..1385] -LSB-) (NNP:[1385..1391] PubMed) (HYPH:[1392..1393] -) (JJ:[1394..1401] indexed) (IN:[1402..1405] for) (NNP:[1406..1414] MEDLINE-RSB-)))