;PMID: 9778107 ;source_file_1393.mrg ;Release 0.9 of PennBioIE ;Funded by NSF ITR EIA-0205448 ;0)section:[e:0..33] = [t:0..33] ;1)sentence:[e:38..149] = [t:38..149] ;2)section:[e:153..194] = [t:153..194] ;3)section:[e:198..283] = [t:198..283] ;4)sentence:[e:287..608] = [t:287..608] ;5)sentence:[e:609..796] = [t:609..796] ;6)sentence:[e:797..895] = [t:797..895] ;7)sentence:[e:896..986] = [t:896..986] ;8)sentence:[e:987..1124] = [t:987..1124] ;9)sentence:[e:1125..1345] = [t:1125..1345] ;10)section:[e:1349..1393] = [t:1349..1393] ;section 0 Span:0..33 ;Pathol Int 1998 Sep;48(9):689-94 (SEC (FRAG (DT:[0..6] Pathol) (JJ:[7..10] Int) (CD:[12..16] 1998) (-LRB-:[17..24] Sep;48-LRB-) (CD:[24..25] 9) (-RRB-:[25..26] -RRB-) (CD:[26..30] :689) (HYPH:[30..31] -) (CD:[31..33] 94))) ;sentence 1 Span:38..149 ;Alterations of p53 gene and Ha-ras gene are independent events in solar ;keratosis and squamous cell carcinoma. ;[53..56]:gene-rna:"p53" ;[66..72]:gene-rna:"Ha-ras" ;[104..120]:malignancy:"solar keratosis" ;[125..148]:malignancy:"squamous cell carcinoma" (SENT (S-HLN (NP-SBJ (NP (NNS:[38..49] Alterations)) (PP (IN:[50..52] of) (NP (NP (NN:[53..56] p53) (NN:[57..61] gene)) (CC:[62..65] and) (NP (NN:[66..72] Ha-ras) (NN:[73..77] gene))))) (VP (VBP:[78..81] are) (NP-PRD (JJ:[82..93] independent) (NNS:[94..100] events)) (PP (IN:[101..103] in) (NP (NP (JJ:[104..109] solar) (NN:[111..120] keratosis)) (CC:[121..124] and) (NP (JJ:[125..133] squamous) (NN:[134..138] cell) (NN:[139..148] carcinoma))))) (.:[148..149] .))) ;section 2 Span:153..194 ;Taguchi M, Tsuchida T, Ikeda S, Sekiya T. (SEC (FRAG (NNP:[153..160] Taguchi) (VBD:[161..163] M,) (NNP:[164..172] Tsuchida) (NNP:[173..174] T) (,:[174..175] ,) (NNP:[176..181] Ikeda) (NNP:[182..184] S,) (NNP:[185..191] Sekiya) (NNP:[192..194] T.))) ;section 3 Span:198..283 ;Department of Dermatology, Saitama Medical School, Japan. ;mtaguchi@saitama-med.ac.jp (SEC (FRAG (NNP:[198..208] Department) (IN:[209..211] of) (NNP:[212..223] Dermatology) (,:[223..224] ,) (NNP:[225..232] Saitama) (NNP:[233..240] Medical) (NNP:[241..247] School) (,:[247..248] ,) (NNP:[249..254] Japan) (POS:[254..255] .) (NN:[257..273] mtaguchi@saitama) (HYPH:[273..274] -) (JJ:[274..277] med) (NN:[277..281] .ac.) (.:[281..283] jp))) ;sentence 4 Span:287..608 ;In order to clarity the multiple-step progression from solar keratosis to ;squamous cell carcinoma, aberrations of the p53 gene (exons 2-11) and ras ;genes (exons 1 and 2) in solar keratosis and squamous cell carcinoma were ;investigated by polymerase chain reaction and single-strand conformation ;polymorphism analysis. ;[342..357]:malignancy:"solar keratosis" ;[362..385]:malignancy:"squamous cell carcinoma" ;[406..409]:gene-rna:"p53" ;[416..426]:variation-location:"exons 2-11" ;[432..435]:gene-rna:"ras" ;[444..451]:variation-location:"exons 1" ;[444..449]...[456..457]:variation-location:"exons"..."2" ;[462..477]:malignancy:"solar keratosis" ;[482..505]:malignancy:"squamous cell carcinoma" ;[528..538]:gene-protein:"polymerase" (SENT (S (SBAR-PRP (IN:[287..289] In) (NN:[290..295] order) (S (NP-SBJ (-NONE-:[295..295] *)) (VP (TO:[296..298] to) (VP (NN:[299..306] clarity) (NP (NP (DT:[307..310] the) (ADJP (JJ:[311..319] multiple) (HYPH:[319..320] -) (NN:[320..324] step)) (NN:[325..336] progression)) (PP (IN:[337..341] from) (NP (JJ:[342..347] solar) (NN:[348..357] keratosis))) (PP (TO:[358..360] to) (NP (JJ:[362..370] squamous) (NN:[371..375] cell) (NN:[376..385] carcinoma)))))))) (,:[385..386] ,) (NP-SBJ-3 (NP (NNS:[387..398] aberrations)) (PP (IN:[399..401] of) (NP (NP (DT:[402..405] the) (NN:[406..409] p53) (NN:[410..414] gene) (PRN (-LRB-:[415..416] -LRB-) (NP (NP (NML-2 (NNS:[416..421] exons)) (CD:[422..423] 2)) (PP (HYPH:[423..424] -) (NP (NML-2 (-NONE-:[424..424] *P*)) (CD:[424..426] 11)))) (-RRB-:[426..427] -RRB-))) (CC:[428..431] and) (NP (NN:[432..435] ras) (NNS:[436..441] genes) (PRN (-LRB-:[443..444] -LRB-) (NP (NP (NML-1 (NNS:[444..449] exons)) (CD:[450..451] 1)) (CC:[452..455] and) (NP (NML-1 (-NONE-:[455..455] *P*)) (CD:[456..457] 2))) (-RRB-:[457..458] -RRB-))))) (PP (IN:[459..461] in) (NP (NP (JJ:[462..467] solar) (NN:[468..477] keratosis)) (CC:[478..481] and) (NP (JJ:[482..490] squamous) (NN:[491..495] cell) (NN:[496..505] carcinoma))))) (VP (VBD:[506..510] were) (VP (VBN:[511..523] investigated) (NP-3 (-NONE-:[523..523] *)) (PP-MNR (IN:[525..527] by) (NP (NP (NN:[528..538] polymerase) (NN:[539..544] chain) (NN:[545..553] reaction)) (CC:[554..557] and) (NP (NML (JJ:[558..564] single) (HYPH:[564..565] -) (NN:[565..571] strand)) (NN:[572..584] conformation) (NN:[585..597] polymorphism) (NN:[599..607] analysis)))))) (.:[607..608] .))) ;sentence 5 Span:609..796 ;In a series of Japanese patients, eight of 27 (30%) samples of solar ;keratosis and three of six (50%) samples of squamous cell carcinoma showed ;structural abnormalities in the p53 gene. ;[672..688]:malignancy:"solar keratosis" ;[723..746]:malignancy:"squamous cell carcinoma" ;[787..790]:gene-rna:"p53" (SENT (S (PP (IN:[609..611] In) (NP (NP (DT:[612..613] a) (NN:[614..620] series)) (PP (IN:[621..623] of) (NP (JJ:[624..632] Japanese) (NNS:[633..641] patients))))) (,:[641..642] ,) (NP-SBJ (NP (NP (CD:[643..648] eight)) (PP (IN:[649..651] of) (NP (NP (CD:[652..654] 27) (PRN (-LRB-:[655..656] -LRB-) (NP (CD:[656..658] 30) (NN:[658..659] %)) (-RRB-:[659..660] -RRB-)) (NNS:[661..668] samples)) (PP (IN:[669..671] of) (NP (JJ:[672..677] solar) (NN:[679..688] keratosis)))))) (CC:[689..692] and) (NP (NP (CD:[693..698] three)) (PP (IN:[699..701] of) (NP (NP (CD:[702..705] six) (PRN (-LRB-:[706..707] -LRB-) (NP (CD:[707..709] 50) (NN:[709..710] %)) (-RRB-:[710..711] -RRB-)) (NNS:[712..719] samples)) (PP (IN:[720..722] of) (NP (JJ:[723..731] squamous) (NN:[732..736] cell) (NN:[737..746] carcinoma))))))) (VP (VBD:[747..753] showed) (NP (JJ:[755..765] structural) (NNS:[766..779] abnormalities)) (PP-LOC (IN:[780..782] in) (NP (DT:[783..786] the) (NN:[787..790] p53) (NN:[791..795] gene)))) (.:[795..796] .))) ;sentence 6 Span:797..895 ;Only one solar keratosis (4%) showed a point mutation in the Ha-ras gene but ;not in the p53 gene. ;[806..821]:malignancy:"solar keratosis" ;[837..851]:variation-type:"point mutation" ;[859..865]:gene-rna:"Ha-ras" ;[886..889]:gene-rna:"p53" (SENT (S (NP-SBJ (ADVP (RB:[797..801] Only)) (CD:[802..805] one) (JJ:[806..811] solar) (NN:[812..821] keratosis) (PRN (-LRB-:[822..823] -LRB-) (NP (CD:[823..824] 4) (NN:[824..825] %)) (-RRB-:[825..826] -RRB-))) (VP (VP (VBD:[827..833] showed) (NP (DT:[834..835] a) (NN:[837..842] point) (NN:[843..851] mutation)) (PP-LOC=1 (IN:[852..854] in) (NP (DT:[855..858] the) (NN:[859..865] Ha-ras) (NN:[866..870] gene)))) (CC:[871..874] but) (RB:[875..878] not) (VP (PP-LOC=1 (IN:[879..881] in) (NP (DT:[882..885] the) (NN:[886..889] p53) (NN:[890..894] gene))))) (.:[894..895] .))) ;sentence 7 Span:896..986 ;Among these cases, no mutation of ras genes could be detected in squamous ;cell carcinoma. ;[931..934]:gene-rna:"ras" ;[962..985]:malignancy:"squamous cell carcinoma" (SENT (S (PP (IN:[896..901] Among) (NP (DT:[902..907] these) (NNS:[908..913] cases))) (,:[913..914] ,) (NP-SBJ-1 (NP (DT:[915..917] no) (NN:[919..927] mutation)) (PP (IN:[928..930] of) (NP (NN:[931..934] ras) (NNS:[935..940] genes)))) (VP (MD:[941..946] could) (VP (VB:[947..949] be) (VP (VBN:[950..958] detected) (NP-1 (-NONE-:[958..958] *)) (PP (IN:[959..961] in) (NP (JJ:[962..970] squamous) (NN:[971..975] cell) (NN:[976..985] carcinoma)))))) (.:[985..986] .))) ;sentence 8 Span:987..1124 ;Simultaneous mutation of ras genes and the p53 gene was not detected in any ;cases of either solar keratosis or squamous cell carcinoma. ;[1013..1016]:gene-rna:"ras" ;[1031..1034]:gene-rna:"p53" ;[1081..1096]:malignancy:"solar keratosis" ;[1100..1123]:malignancy:"squamous cell carcinoma" (SENT (S (NP-SBJ-1 (NP (JJ:[987..999] Simultaneous) (NN:[1001..1009] mutation)) (PP (IN:[1010..1012] of) (NP (NP (NN:[1013..1016] ras) (NNS:[1017..1022] genes)) (CC:[1023..1026] and) (NP (DT:[1027..1030] the) (NN:[1031..1034] p53) (NN:[1035..1039] gene))))) (VP (VBD:[1040..1043] was) (RB:[1044..1047] not) (VP (VBN:[1048..1056] detected) (NP-1 (-NONE-:[1056..1056] *)) (PP (IN:[1057..1059] in) (NP (NP (DT:[1060..1063] any) (NNS:[1064..1069] cases)) (PP (IN:[1070..1072] of) (NP (CC:[1073..1079] either) (NP (JJ:[1081..1086] solar) (NN:[1087..1096] keratosis)) (CC:[1097..1099] or) (NP (JJ:[1100..1108] squamous) (NN:[1109..1113] cell) (NN:[1114..1123] carcinoma)))))))) (.:[1123..1124] .))) ;sentence 9 Span:1125..1345 ;It is concluded that aberrations of the p53 gene and ras genes are induced ;through independent processes of ultraviolet irradiation in the course of ;carcinogenic change from solar keratosis to squamous cell carcinoma. ;[1166..1169]:gene-rna:"p53" ;[1179..1182]:gene-rna:"ras" ;[1301..1317]:malignancy:"solar keratosis" ;[1321..1344]:malignancy:"squamous cell carcinoma" (SENT (S (NP-SBJ-2 (NP (PRP:[1125..1127] It)) (SBAR-3 (-NONE-:[1127..1127] *EXP*))) (VP (VBZ:[1128..1130] is) (VP (VBN:[1131..1140] concluded) (NP-2 (-NONE-:[1140..1140] *)) (SBAR-3 (IN:[1141..1145] that) (S (NP-SBJ-1 (NP (NNS:[1146..1157] aberrations)) (PP (IN:[1158..1160] of) (NP (NP (DT:[1162..1165] the) (NN:[1166..1169] p53) (NN:[1170..1174] gene)) (CC:[1175..1178] and) (NP (NN:[1179..1182] ras) (NNS:[1183..1188] genes))))) (VP (VBP:[1189..1192] are) (VP (VBN:[1193..1200] induced) (NP-1 (-NONE-:[1200..1200] *)) (PP (IN:[1201..1208] through) (NP (NP (JJ:[1209..1220] independent) (NNS:[1221..1230] processes)) (PP (IN:[1231..1233] of) (NP (JJ:[1235..1246] ultraviolet) (NN:[1247..1258] irradiation))))) (PP (IN:[1259..1261] in) (NP (NP (DT:[1262..1265] the) (NN:[1266..1272] course)) (PP (IN:[1273..1275] of) (NP (NP (JJ:[1276..1288] carcinogenic) (NN:[1289..1295] change)) (PP (IN:[1296..1300] from) (NP (JJ:[1301..1306] solar) (NN:[1308..1317] keratosis))) (PP (TO:[1318..1320] to) (NP (JJ:[1321..1329] squamous) (NN:[1330..1334] cell) (NN:[1335..1344] carcinoma))))))))))))) (.:[1344..1345] .))) ;section 10 Span:1349..1393 ;PMID: 9778107 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] (SEC (FRAG (NNP:[1349..1353] PMID) (::[1353..1354] :) (CD:[1355..1362] 9778107) (IN:[1363..1364] -LSB-) (NNP:[1364..1370] PubMed) (HYPH:[1371..1372] -) (JJ:[1373..1380] indexed) (IN:[1381..1384] for) (NNP:[1385..1393] MEDLINE-RSB-)))