;PMID: 9851250 ;source_file_1382.mrg ;Release 0.9 of PennBioIE ;Funded by NSF ITR EIA-0205448 ;0)section:[e:0..37] = [t:0..37] ;1)sentence:[e:42..139] = [t:42..139] ;2)section:[e:143..230] = [t:143..230] ;3)section:[e:234..312] = [t:234..312] ;4)sentence:[e:316..437] = [t:316..437] ;5)sentence:[e:438..596] = [t:438..596] ;6)sentence:[e:597..812] = [t:597..812] ;7)sentence:[e:813..951] = [t:813..951] ;8)sentence:[e:952..1048] = [t:952..1048] ;9)sentence:[e:1049..1165] = [t:1049..1165] ;10)section:[e:1169..1213] = [t:1169..1213] ;section 0 Span:0..37 ;Cancer Lett 1998 Sep 25;131(2):171-5 (SEC (FRAG (DT:[0..6] Cancer) (NNP:[7..11] Lett) (CD:[13..17] 1998) (NNP:[18..21] Sep) (CD:[22..24] 25) (CD:[24..29] ;131-LRB-) (CD:[29..30] 2) (-RRB-:[30..31] -RRB-) (CD:[31..35] :171) (HYPH:[35..36] -) (CD:[36..37] 5))) ;sentence 1 Span:42..139 ;Different ras gene mutational frequencies in thyroid papillary carcinomas in ;Japan and Thailand. ;[52..55]:gene-rna:"ras" ;[87..115]:malignancy:"thyroid papillary carcinomas" (SENT (NP-HLN (NP (JJ:[42..51] Different) (NML (NN:[52..55] ras) (NN:[56..60] gene)) (JJ:[61..71] mutational) (NNS:[72..83] frequencies)) (PP-LOC (IN:[84..86] in) (NP (JJ:[87..94] thyroid) (JJ:[95..104] papillary) (NNS:[105..115] carcinomas))) (PP-LOC (IN:[116..118] in) (NP (NNP:[120..125] Japan) (CC:[126..129] and) (NNP:[130..138] Thailand))) (.:[138..139] .))) ;section 2 Span:143..230 ;Naito H, Pairojkul C, Kitahori Y, Yane K, Miyahara H, Konishi N, Matsunaga T, ; Hiasa Y. (SEC (FRAG (NNP:[143..148] Naito) (NNP:[149..150] H) (,:[150..151] ,) (NNP:[152..161] Pairojkul) (NNP:[162..163] C) (,:[163..164] ,) (NNP:[165..173] Kitahori) (NNP:[174..175] Y) (,:[175..176] ,) (NNP:[177..181] Yane) (NNP:[182..183] K) (,:[183..184] ,) (NNP:[185..193] Miyahara) (NNP:[194..195] H) (,:[195..196] ,) (NNP:[197..204] Konishi) (NNP:[205..206] N) (VBD:[206..207] ,) (NNP:[208..217] Matsunaga) (NNP:[218..219] T) (,:[219..220] ,) (NNP:[222..227] Hiasa) (NNP:[228..230] Y.))) ;section 3 Span:234..312 ;The Second Department of Pathology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, ;Japan. (SEC (FRAG (DT:[234..237] The) (NNP:[238..244] Second) (NNP:[245..255] Department) (IN:[256..258] of) (NNP:[259..268] Pathology) (,:[268..269] ,) (NNP:[270..274] Nara) (NNP:[275..282] Medical) (NNP:[283..293] University) (,:[293..294] ,) (NNP:[295..304] Kashihara) (,:[304..305] ,) (NNP:[306..311] Japan) (.:[311..312] .))) ;sentence 4 Span:316..437 ;The incidence and pattern of ras oncogene mutations in human malignancies ;demonstrate geographic and racial differences. ;[345..348]:gene-rna:"ras" (SENT (S (NP-SBJ (NP (DT:[316..319] The) (NN:[320..329] incidence) (CC:[330..333] and) (NN:[334..341] pattern)) (PP (IN:[342..344] of) (NP (NP (NN:[345..348] ras) (NN:[349..357] oncogene) (NNS:[358..367] mutations)) (PP-LOC (IN:[368..370] in) (NP (JJ:[371..376] human) (NNS:[377..389] malignancies)))))) (VP (VBP:[391..402] demonstrate) (NP (NP (JJ:[403..413] geographic) (NML-1 (-NONE-:[413..413] *P*))) (CC:[414..417] and) (NP (JJ:[418..424] racial) (NML-1 (NNS:[425..436] differences))))) (.:[436..437] .))) ;sentence 5 Span:438..596 ;For example, specificity of alterations is found in cholangiocellular ;carcinomas in Thai patients with a different etiology from those in Japanese ;patients. ;[491..519]:malignancy:"cholangiocellular carcinomas" (SENT (S (PP (IN:[438..441] For) (NP (NN:[442..449] example))) (,:[449..450] ,) (NP-SBJ-1 (NP (NN:[451..462] specificity)) (PP (IN:[463..465] of) (NP (NNS:[467..478] alterations)))) (VP (VBZ:[479..481] is) (VP (VBN:[482..487] found) (NP-1 (-NONE-:[487..487] *)) (PP-LOC (IN:[488..490] in) (NP (NP (JJ:[491..508] cholangiocellular) (NNS:[509..519] carcinomas)) (PP-LOC (IN:[520..522] in) (NP (NP (JJ:[523..527] Thai) (NNS:[528..536] patients)) (PP (IN:[537..541] with) (NP (NP (DT:[542..543] a) (JJ:[545..554] different) (NN:[555..563] etiology)) (PP (IN:[564..568] from) (NP (NP (DT:[569..574] those)) (PP-LOC (IN:[575..577] in) (NP (JJ:[578..586] Japanese) (NNS:[587..595] patients))))))))))))) (.:[595..596] .))) ;sentence 6 Span:597..812 ;In the present study, a comparison of ras gene mutations in thyroid ;papillary carcinomas from Japanese and Thai patients was performed using ;single-strand conformation polymorphism and direct sequencing analyses. ;[636..639]:gene-rna:"ras" ;[658..686]:malignancy:"thyroid papillary carcinomas" (SENT (S (PP (IN:[597..599] In) (NP (DT:[600..603] the) (JJ:[604..611] present) (NN:[612..617] study))) (,:[617..618] ,) (NP-SBJ-3 (NP (DT:[619..620] a) (NN:[622..632] comparison)) (PP (IN:[633..635] of) (NP (NP (NN:[636..639] ras) (NN:[640..644] gene) (NNS:[645..654] mutations)) (PP-LOC (IN:[655..657] in) (NP (NP (JJ:[658..665] thyroid) (JJ:[666..675] papillary) (NNS:[676..686] carcinomas)) (PP (IN:[687..691] from) (NP-SBJ (NP (JJ:[692..700] Japanese) (NML-2 (-NONE-:[700..700] *P*))) (CC:[702..705] and) (NP (JJ:[706..710] Thai) (NML-2 (NNS:[711..719] patients)))))))))) (VP (VBD:[720..723] was) (VP (VBN:[724..733] performed) (NP-3 (-NONE-:[733..733] *)) (S-MNR (NP-SBJ (-NONE-:[733..733] *)) (VP (VBG:[734..739] using) (NP (NP (NML (NML (JJ:[740..746] single) (HYPH:[746..747] -) (NN:[747..753] strand)) (NN:[754..766] conformation) (NN:[767..779] polymorphism)) (NML-1 (-NONE-:[779..779] *P*))) (CC:[781..784] and) (NP (NML (JJ:[785..791] direct) (NN:[792..802] sequencing)) (NML-1 (NNS:[803..811] analyses)))))))) (.:[811..812] .))) ;sentence 7 Span:813..951 ;The incidence of ras mutation differed markedly in Japanese (two of 24 ;carcinomas, 8.3%) and Thai (five of 10 carcinomas, 50%) patients. ;[830..833]:gene-rna:"ras" ;[885..895]:malignancy:"carcinomas" ;[924..934]:malignancy:"carcinomas" (SENT (S (NP-SBJ (NP (DT:[813..816] The) (NN:[817..826] incidence)) (PP (IN:[827..829] of) (NP (NN:[830..833] ras) (NN:[834..842] mutation)))) (VP (VBD:[843..851] differed) (ADVP (RB:[852..860] markedly)) (PP-LOC (IN:[862..864] in) (NP (NP (JJ:[865..873] Japanese) (PRN (-LRB-:[874..875] -LRB-) (FRAG (NP (NP (CD:[875..878] two)) (PP (IN:[879..881] of) (NP (CD:[882..884] 24) (NNS:[885..895] carcinomas)))) (,:[895..896] ,) (NP (CD:[897..900] 8.3) (NN:[900..901] %))) (-RRB-:[901..902] -RRB-)) (NML-1 (-NONE-:[902..902] *P*))) (CC:[903..906] and) (NP (JJ:[907..911] Thai) (PRN (-LRB-:[912..913] -LRB-) (FRAG (NP (NP (CD:[913..917] five)) (PP (IN:[918..920] of) (NP (CD:[921..923] 10) (NNS:[924..934] carcinomas)))) (,:[934..935] ,) (NP (CD:[936..938] 50) (NN:[938..939] %))) (-RRB-:[939..940] -RRB-)) (NML-1 (NNS:[942..950] patients)))))) (.:[950..951] .))) ;sentence 8 Span:952..1048 ;In addition, all but one ras mutation occurred at codon 12 of the K-ras gene ;in the Thai cases. ;[977..980]:gene-rna:"ras" ;[981..989]:variation-event:"mutation" ;[1002..1010]:variation-location:"codon 12" ;[1019..1024]:gene-rna:"K-ras" (SENT (S (PP (IN:[952..954] In) (NP (NN:[955..963] addition))) (,:[963..964] ,) (NP-SBJ (QP (DT:[965..968] all) (IN:[969..972] but) (CD:[973..976] one)) (NN:[977..980] ras) (NN:[981..989] mutation)) (VP (VBD:[990..998] occurred) (PP-LOC (IN:[999..1001] at) (NP (NP (NN:[1002..1007] codon) (CD:[1008..1010] 12)) (PP (IN:[1011..1013] of) (NP (DT:[1014..1017] the) (NN:[1019..1024] K-ras) (NN:[1025..1029] gene))))) (PP (IN:[1030..1032] in) (NP (DT:[1033..1036] the) (JJ:[1037..1041] Thai) (NNS:[1042..1047] cases)))) (.:[1047..1048] .))) ;sentence 9 Span:1049..1165 ;These results suggest that thyroid cancers in Thailand may be due to ;specific genetic and/or environmental factors. ;[1076..1091]:malignancy:"thyroid cancers" (SENT (S (NP-SBJ (DT:[1049..1054] These) (NNS:[1055..1062] results)) (VP (VBP:[1063..1070] suggest) (SBAR (IN:[1071..1075] that) (S (NP-SBJ (NP (JJ:[1076..1083] thyroid) (NNS:[1084..1091] cancers)) (PP-LOC (IN:[1092..1094] in) (NP (NNP:[1096..1104] Thailand)))) (VP (MD:[1105..1108] may) (VP (VB:[1109..1111] be) (PP-PRD (JJ:[1112..1115] due) (PP (TO:[1116..1118] to) (NP (JJ:[1119..1127] specific) (NML (NML (JJ:[1128..1135] genetic) (NML-1 (-NONE-:[1135..1135] *P*))) (CC:[1136..1142] and/or) (NML (JJ:[1143..1156] environmental) (NML-1 (NNS:[1157..1164] factors)))))))))))) (.:[1164..1165] .))) ;section 10 Span:1169..1213 ;PMID: 9851250 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] (SEC (FRAG (NNP:[1169..1173] PMID) (::[1173..1174] :) (CD:[1175..1182] 9851250) (IN:[1183..1184] -LSB-) (NNP:[1184..1190] PubMed) (HYPH:[1191..1192] -) (JJ:[1193..1200] indexed) (IN:[1201..1204] for) (NNP:[1205..1213] MEDLINE-RSB-)))