;PMID: 9671070 ;source_file_1305.mrg ;Release 0.9 of PennBioIE ;Funded by NSF ITR EIA-0205448 ;0)section:[e:0..31] = [t:0..31] ;1)sentence:[e:36..114] = [t:36..114] ;2)section:[e:118..200] = [t:118..200] ;3)section:[e:204..263] = [t:204..263] ;4)sentence:[e:267..277] = [t:267..277] ;5)sentence:[e:278..485] = [t:278..485] ;6)sentence:[e:486..511] = [t:486..511] ;7)sentence:[e:512..740] = [t:512..740] ;8)sentence:[e:741..849] = [t:741..849] ;9)sentence:[e:850..858] = [t:850..858] ;10)sentence:[e:859..1120] = [t:859..1120] ;11)sentence:[e:1122..1130] = [t:1122..1130] ;12)sentence:[e:1131..1284] = [t:1131..1284] ;13)sentence:[e:1285..1388] = [t:1285..1388] ;14)sentence:[e:1389..1488] = [t:1389..1488] ;15)sentence:[e:1489..1631] = [t:1489..1631] ;16)sentence:[e:1632..1838] = [t:1632..1838] ;17)sentence:[e:1840..1852] = [t:1840..1852] ;18)sentence:[e:1853..1996] = [t:1853..1996] ;19)sentence:[e:1998..2169] = [t:1998..2169] ;20)section:[e:2173..2217] = [t:2173..2217] ;section 0 Span:0..31 ;Ann Surg 1998 Jul;228(1):79-86 (SEC (FRAG (NNP:[0..3] Ann) (NNP:[4..8] Surg) (CD:[10..14] 1998) (CD:[15..22] Jul;228) (-LRB-:[22..23] -LRB-) (CD:[23..24] 1) (-RRB-:[24..25] -RRB-) (::[25..26] :) (CD:[26..28] 79) (HYPH:[28..29] -) (CD:[29..31] 86))) ;sentence 1 Span:36..114 ;K-ras oncogene mutations indicate malignancy in cystic tumors of the ;pancreas. ;[36..41]:gene-rna:"K-ras" ;[84..113]:malignancy-type:"cystic tumors of the pancreas" (SENT (S-HLN (NP-SBJ (NN:[36..41] K-ras) (NN:[42..50] oncogene) (NNS:[51..60] mutations)) (VP (VBP:[61..69] indicate) (NP (NN:[70..80] malignancy)) (PP-LOC (IN:[81..83] in) (NP (NP (JJ:[84..90] cystic) (NNS:[91..97] tumors)) (PP (IN:[98..100] of) (NP (DT:[101..104] the) (NN:[105..113] pancreas)))))) (.:[113..114] .))) ;section 2 Span:118..200 ;Bartsch D, Bastian D, Barth P, Schudy A, Nies C, Kisker O, Wagner HJ, ;Rothmund M. (SEC (FRAG (NNP:[118..125] Bartsch) (NNP:[126..127] D) (,:[127..128] ,) (NNP:[129..136] Bastian) (NNP:[137..138] D) (,:[138..139] ,) (NNP:[140..145] Barth) (NNP:[146..148] P,) (NNP:[149..155] Schudy) (NNP:[156..157] A) (,:[157..158] ,) (NNP:[159..163] Nies) (NNP:[164..165] C) (,:[165..166] ,) (NNP:[167..173] Kisker) (NNP:[174..175] O) (,:[175..176] ,) (NNP:[177..183] Wagner) (NNP:[184..186] HJ) (,:[186..187] ,) (NNP:[188..196] Rothmund) (NNP:[198..200] M.))) ;section 3 Span:204..263 ;Department of Surgery, Philips-University Marburg, Germany. (SEC (FRAG (NNP:[204..214] Department) (IN:[215..217] of) (NNP:[218..225] Surgery) (,:[225..226] ,) (NNP:[227..234] Philips) (NNP:[234..245] -University) (NNP:[246..253] Marburg) (,:[253..254] ,) (NNP:[255..262] Germany) (.:[262..263] .))) ;sentence 4 Span:267..277 ;OBJECTIVE: (SENT (NP (NN:[267..276] OBJECTIVE) (::[276..277] :))) ;sentence 5 Span:278..485 ;To evaluate clinical parameters, presurgical diagnostic tests, histologic ;findings, and the presence of K-ras oncogene mutations in cystic tumors of ;the pancreas to determine which best predict malignancy. ;[383..388]:gene-rna:"K-ras" ;[411..441]:malignancy-type:"cystic tumors of the pancreas" (SENT (S (NP-SBJ (-NONE-:[278..278] *)) (VP (TO:[278..280] To) (VP (VB:[281..289] evaluate) (NP (NP (JJ:[290..298] clinical) (NNS:[299..309] parameters)) (,:[309..310] ,) (NP (JJ:[311..322] presurgical) (JJ:[323..333] diagnostic) (NNS:[334..339] tests)) (,:[339..340] ,) (NP (JJ:[342..352] histologic) (NNS:[353..361] findings)) (,:[361..362] ,) (CC:[363..366] and) (NP (NP (DT:[367..370] the) (NN:[371..379] presence)) (PP (IN:[380..382] of) (NP (NN:[383..388] K-ras) (NN:[389..397] oncogene) (NNS:[398..407] mutations))) (PP-LOC (IN:[408..410] in) (NP (NP (JJ:[411..417] cystic) (NNS:[419..425] tumors)) (PP (IN:[426..428] of) (NP (DT:[429..432] the) (NN:[433..441] pancreas))))))) (S-ADV (NP-SBJ (-NONE-:[441..441] *)) (VP (TO:[442..444] to) (VP (VB:[445..454] determine) (NP (NP (WDT:[455..460] which)) (VP (ADVP (RBS:[461..465] best)) (VBP:[466..473] predict) (NP (NN:[474..484] malignancy))))))))) (.:[484..485] .))) ;sentence 6 Span:486..511 ;SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA: (SENT (NP (NN:[486..493] SUMMARY) (NN:[495..505] BACKGROUND) (NN:[506..510] DATA) (::[510..511] :))) ;sentence 7 Span:512..740 ;Because presurgical, intraoperative, and final pathologic differentiation is ;difficult in cystic tumors of the pancreas, it would be a major benefit to ;identify markers that accurately predict malignancy in these rare tumors. ;[603..632]:malignancy-type:"cystic tumors of the pancreas" (SENT (S (SBAR-PRP (IN:[512..519] Because) (S (NP-SBJ (NP (JJ:[520..531] presurgical) (NML-1 (-NONE-:[531..531] *P*))) (,:[531..532] ,) (NP (JJ:[533..547] intraoperative) (NML-1 (-NONE-:[547..547] *P*))) (,:[547..548] ,) (CC:[549..552] and) (NP (JJ:[553..558] final) (NML-1 (JJ:[559..569] pathologic) (NN:[571..586] differentiation)))) (VP (VBZ:[587..589] is) (ADJP-PRD (JJ:[590..599] difficult)) (PP-CLR (IN:[600..602] in) (NP (NP (JJ:[603..609] cystic) (NNS:[610..616] tumors)) (PP (IN:[617..619] of) (NP (DT:[620..623] the) (NN:[624..632] pancreas)))))))) (,:[632..633] ,) (NP-SBJ (PRP:[634..636] it)) (VP (MD:[637..642] would) (VP (VB:[643..645] be) (NP-PRD (DT:[646..647] a) (JJ:[649..654] major) (NN:[655..662] benefit)) (S-ADV (NP-SBJ (-NONE-:[662..662] *)) (VP (TO:[663..665] to) (VP (VB:[666..674] identify) (NP (NP (NNS:[675..682] markers)) (SBAR (WHNP-2 (WDT:[683..687] that)) (S (NP-SBJ-2 (-NONE-:[687..687] *T*)) (ADVP (RB:[688..698] accurately)) (VP (VBP:[699..706] predict) (NP (NN:[707..717] malignancy)) (PP-CLR (IN:[718..720] in) (NP (DT:[721..726] these) (JJ:[728..732] rare) (NNS:[733..739] tumors)))))))))))) (.:[739..740] .))) ;sentence 8 Span:741..849 ;The role of K-ras oncogene mutations as an indicator of malignancy has not ;been determined in these tumors. ;[753..758]:gene-rna:"K-ras" (SENT (S (NP-SBJ-1 (NP (DT:[741..744] The) (NN:[745..749] role)) (PP (IN:[750..752] of) (NP (NP (NN:[753..758] K-ras) (NN:[759..767] oncogene) (NNS:[768..777] mutations)) (PP (IN:[778..780] as) (NP (NP (DT:[781..783] an) (NN:[784..793] indicator)) (PP (IN:[794..796] of) (NP (NN:[797..807] malignancy)))))))) (VP (VBZ:[809..812] has) (RB:[813..816] not) (VP (VBN:[817..821] been) (VP (VBN:[822..832] determined) (NP-1 (-NONE-:[832..832] *)) (PP-LOC (IN:[833..835] in) (NP (DT:[836..841] these) (NNS:[842..848] tumors)))))) (.:[848..849] .))) ;sentence 9 Span:850..858 ;METHODS: (SENT (NP (NNS:[850..857] METHODS) (::[857..858] :))) ;sentence 10 Span:859..1120 ;Nineteen patients with cystic tumors of the pancreas were evaluated, ;including K-ras mutation analysis based on polymerase chain reaction and ;restriction digestion assays and direct DNA sequencing, to screen for ;parameters that accurately predict malignancy. ;[939..944]:gene-rna:"K-ras" ;[973..983]:gene-protein:"polymerase" (SENT (S (NP-SBJ-1 (NP (CD:[859..867] Nineteen) (NNS:[868..876] patients)) (PP (IN:[877..881] with) (NP (NP (JJ:[882..888] cystic) (NNS:[890..896] tumors)) (PP (IN:[897..899] of) (NP (DT:[900..903] the) (NN:[904..912] pancreas)))))) (VP (VBD:[913..917] were) (VP (VBN:[918..927] evaluated) (NP-1 (-NONE-:[927..927] *)) (,:[927..928] ,) (PP (VBG:[929..938] including) (NP (NP (NP (NN:[939..944] K-ras) (NN:[945..953] mutation) (NN:[954..962] analysis)) (VP (VBN:[963..968] based) (NP (-NONE-:[968..968] *)) (PP-CLR (IN:[970..972] on) (NP (NP (NN:[973..983] polymerase) (NN:[984..989] chain) (NN:[990..998] reaction)) (CC:[999..1002] and) (NP (NN:[1003..1014] restriction) (NN:[1015..1024] digestion) (NNS:[1025..1031] assays)))))) (CC:[1032..1035] and) (NP (JJ:[1036..1042] direct) (NN:[1043..1046] DNA) (NN:[1048..1058] sequencing)))) (,:[1058..1059] ,) (S (NP-SBJ (-NONE-:[1059..1059] *)) (VP (TO:[1060..1062] to) (VP (VB:[1063..1069] screen) (PP (IN:[1070..1073] for) (NP (NP (NNS:[1074..1084] parameters)) (SBAR (WHNP-2 (WDT:[1085..1089] that)) (S (NP-SBJ-2 (-NONE-:[1089..1089] *T*)) (ADVP (RB:[1090..1100] accurately)) (VP (VBP:[1101..1108] predict) (NP (NN:[1109..1119] malignancy)))))))))))) (.:[1119..1120] .))) ;sentence 11 Span:1122..1130 ;RESULTS: (SENT (NP (NNS:[1122..1129] RESULTS) (::[1129..1130] :))) ;sentence 12 Span:1131..1284 ;All malignant cystic pancreatic tumors (five cystadenocarcinomas and three ;mucin-producing adenocarcinomas) harbored K-ras mutations at codon 12 or ;13. ;[1135..1144]:malignancy-clinical-stage:"malignant" ;[1145..1169]:malignancy-type:"cystic pancreatic tumors" ;[1176..1195]:malignancy-type:"cystadenocarcinomas" ;[1207..1212]:gene-protein:"mucin" ;[1223..1238]:malignancy-type:"adenocarcinomas" ;[1249..1254]:gene-rna:"K-ras" ;[1268..1276]:variation-location:"codon 12" ;[1268..1273]...[1281..1283]:variation-location:"codon"..."13" (SENT (S (NP-SBJ (DT:[1131..1134] All) (JJ:[1135..1144] malignant) (JJ:[1145..1151] cystic) (JJ:[1152..1162] pancreatic) (NNS:[1163..1169] tumors) (PRN (-LRB-:[1170..1171] -LRB-) (NP (NP (CD:[1171..1175] five) (NNS:[1176..1195] cystadenocarcinomas)) (CC:[1196..1199] and) (NP (CD:[1201..1206] three) (ADJP (NN:[1207..1212] mucin) (HYPH:[1212..1213] -) (VBG:[1213..1222] producing)) (NNS:[1223..1238] adenocarcinomas))) (-RRB-:[1238..1239] -RRB-))) (VP (VBD:[1240..1248] harbored) (NP (NP (NN:[1249..1254] K-ras) (NNS:[1255..1264] mutations)) (PP-LOC (IN:[1265..1267] at) (NP (NP (NML-1 (NN:[1268..1273] codon)) (CD:[1274..1276] 12)) (CC:[1277..1279] or) (NP (NML-1 (-NONE-:[1279..1279] *P*)) (CD:[1281..1283] 13)))))) (.:[1283..1284] .))) ;sentence 13 Span:1285..1388 ;K-ras mutations were also detected in the percutaneous fine-needle aspirates ;of two of these patients. ;[1285..1290]:gene-rna:"K-ras" (SENT (S (NP-SBJ-1 (NN:[1285..1290] K-ras) (NNS:[1291..1300] mutations)) (VP (VBD:[1301..1305] were) (ADVP (RB:[1306..1310] also)) (VP (VBN:[1311..1319] detected) (NP-1 (-NONE-:[1319..1319] *)) (PP-LOC (IN:[1320..1322] in) (NP (NP (DT:[1323..1326] the) (JJ:[1327..1339] percutaneous) (NML (JJ:[1340..1344] fine) (HYPH:[1344..1345] -) (NN:[1345..1351] needle)) (NNS:[1352..1361] aspirates)) (PP (IN:[1363..1365] of) (NP (NP (CD:[1366..1369] two)) (PP (IN:[1370..1372] of) (NP (DT:[1373..1378] these) (NNS:[1379..1387] patients))))))))) (.:[1387..1388] .))) ;sentence 14 Span:1389..1488 ;In contrast, none of nine benign cystadenomas or the solid-papillary ;neoplasm had K-ras mutations. ;[1415..1421]:malignancy-clinical-stage:"benign" ;[1422..1434]:malignancy-type:"cystadenomas" ;[1443..1467]:malignancy-type:"solid-papillary neoplasm" ;[1472..1477]:gene-rna:"K-ras" (SENT (S (PP (IN:[1389..1391] In) (NP (NN:[1392..1400] contrast))) (,:[1400..1401] ,) (NP-SBJ (NP (NN:[1402..1406] none)) (PP (IN:[1407..1409] of) (NP (NP (CD:[1410..1414] nine) (JJ:[1415..1421] benign) (NNS:[1422..1434] cystadenomas)) (CC:[1435..1437] or) (NP (DT:[1438..1441] the) (JJ:[1443..1448] solid) (ADJP (HYPH:[1448..1449] -) (JJ:[1449..1458] papillary)) (NN:[1459..1467] neoplasm))))) (VP (VBD:[1468..1471] had) (NP (NN:[1472..1477] K-ras) (NNS:[1478..1487] mutations))) (.:[1487..1488] .))) ;sentence 15 Span:1489..1631 ;None of the patients with a benign tumor carrying K-ras wild-type sequences ;developed recurrent disease after a mean follow-up of 50 months. ;[1540..1545]:gene-rna:"K-ras" (SENT (S (NP-SBJ (NP (NN:[1489..1493] None)) (PP (IN:[1494..1496] of) (NP (NP (DT:[1497..1500] the) (NNS:[1501..1509] patients)) (PP (IN:[1510..1514] with) (NP (NP (DT:[1515..1516] a) (JJ:[1517..1523] benign) (NN:[1525..1530] tumor)) (VP (VBG:[1531..1539] carrying) (NP (NN:[1540..1545] K-ras) (NML (JJ:[1546..1550] wild) (HYPH:[1550..1551] -) (NN:[1551..1555] type)) (NNS:[1556..1565] sequences)))))))) (VP (VBD:[1566..1575] developed) (NP (JJ:[1576..1585] recurrent) (NN:[1586..1593] disease)) (PP-TMP (IN:[1594..1599] after) (NP (NP (DT:[1600..1601] a) (JJ:[1603..1607] mean) (NN:[1608..1617] follow-up)) (PP (IN:[1618..1620] of) (NP (CD:[1621..1623] 50) (NNS:[1624..1630] months)))))) (.:[1630..1631] .))) ;sentence 16 Span:1632..1838 ;Seven of the 8 malignant cystic pancreatic tumors, but none of the 11 benign ;tumors, showed dilatation of the main pancreatic duct on computed tomography ;or endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography. ;[1647..1656]:malignancy-clinical-stage:"malignant" ;[1657..1681]:malignancy-type:"cystic pancreatic tumors" ;[1703..1716]:malignancy-type:"benign tumors" (SENT (S (NP-SBJ (NP (NP (CD:[1632..1637] Seven)) (PP (IN:[1638..1640] of) (NP (DT:[1641..1644] the) (CD:[1645..1646] 8) (JJ:[1647..1656] malignant) (JJ:[1657..1663] cystic) (JJ:[1664..1674] pancreatic) (NNS:[1675..1681] tumors)))) (,:[1681..1682] ,) (CC:[1684..1687] but) (NP (NP (NN:[1688..1692] none)) (PP (IN:[1693..1695] of) (NP (DT:[1696..1699] the) (CD:[1700..1702] 11) (JJ:[1703..1709] benign) (NNS:[1710..1716] tumors))))) (,:[1716..1717] ,) (VP (VBD:[1718..1724] showed) (NP (NP (NN:[1725..1735] dilatation)) (PP (IN:[1736..1738] of) (NP (DT:[1739..1742] the) (JJ:[1743..1747] main) (JJ:[1748..1758] pancreatic) (NN:[1759..1763] duct))) (PP (IN:[1765..1767] on) (NP (NP (VBN:[1768..1776] computed) (NN:[1777..1787] tomography)) (CC:[1788..1790] or) (NP (JJ:[1791..1801] endoscopic) (JJ:[1802..1812] retrograde) (NN:[1813..1837] cholangiopancreatography)))))) (.:[1837..1838] .))) ;sentence 17 Span:1840..1852 ;CONCLUSIONS: (SENT (NP (NNS:[1840..1851] CONCLUSIONS) (::[1851..1852] :))) ;sentence 18 Span:1853..1996 ;K-ras mutation analysis seems to be a powerful tool to determine the ;malignant potential of cystic pancreatic tumors before and after surgery. ;[1853..1858]:gene-rna:"K-ras" ;[1946..1970]:malignancy-type:"cystic pancreatic tumors" (SENT (S (NP-SBJ-1 (NN:[1853..1858] K-ras) (NN:[1859..1867] mutation) (NN:[1868..1876] analysis)) (VP (VBZ:[1877..1882] seems) (S (NP-SBJ-1 (-NONE-:[1882..1882] *)) (VP (TO:[1883..1885] to) (VP (VB:[1886..1888] be) (NP-PRD (NP (DT:[1889..1890] a) (JJ:[1891..1899] powerful) (NN:[1900..1904] tool)) (SBAR (WHNP (-NONE-:[1904..1904] 0)) (S (NP-SBJ (-NONE-:[1904..1904] *)) (VP (TO:[1905..1907] to) (VP (VB:[1908..1917] determine) (NP (NP (DT:[1919..1922] the) (JJ:[1923..1932] malignant) (NN:[1933..1942] potential)) (PP (IN:[1943..1945] of) (NP (JJ:[1946..1952] cystic) (JJ:[1953..1963] pancreatic) (NNS:[1964..1970] tumors)))) (PP-TMP (PP (IN:[1971..1977] before)) (CC:[1978..1981] and) (PP (IN:[1982..1987] after) (NP (NN:[1988..1995] surgery))))))))))))) (.:[1995..1996] .))) ;sentence 19 Span:1998..2169 ;Dilatation of the main pancreatic duct on computed tomography or endoscopic ;retrograde cholangiopancreatography is highly suggestive for malignancy in ;these rare tumors. (SENT (S (NP-SBJ (NP (NN:[1998..2008] Dilatation)) (PP (IN:[2009..2011] of) (NP (DT:[2012..2015] the) (JJ:[2016..2020] main) (JJ:[2021..2031] pancreatic) (NN:[2032..2036] duct))) (PP (IN:[2037..2039] on) (NP (NP (VBN:[2040..2048] computed) (NN:[2049..2059] tomography)) (CC:[2060..2062] or) (NP (JJ:[2063..2073] endoscopic) (JJ:[2075..2085] retrograde) (NN:[2086..2110] cholangiopancreatography))))) (VP (VBZ:[2111..2113] is) (ADJP-PRD (RB:[2114..2120] highly) (JJ:[2121..2131] suggestive) (PP (IN:[2132..2135] for) (NP (NN:[2136..2146] malignancy)))) (PP-LOC (IN:[2147..2149] in) (NP (DT:[2150..2155] these) (JJ:[2157..2161] rare) (NNS:[2162..2168] tumors)))) (.:[2168..2169] .))) ;section 20 Span:2173..2217 ;PMID: 9671070 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] (SEC (FRAG (NNP:[2173..2177] PMID) (::[2177..2178] :) (CD:[2179..2186] 9671070) (NN:[2187..2188] -LSB-) (NNP:[2188..2194] PubMed) (::[2195..2196] -) (NN:[2197..2204] indexed) (IN:[2205..2208] for) (NNP:[2209..2217] MEDLINE-RSB-)))