;PMID: 10206490 ;source_file_1304.mrg ;Release 0.9 of PennBioIE ;Funded by NSF ITR EIA-0205448 ;0)section:[e:0..31] = [t:0..31] ;1)sentence:[e:36..145] = [t:36..145] ;2)section:[e:149..234] = [t:149..234] ;3)section:[e:238..311] = [t:238..311] ;4)sentence:[e:315..453] = [t:315..453] ;5)sentence:[e:454..767] = [t:454..767] ;6)sentence:[e:768..919] = [t:768..919] ;7)sentence:[e:920..1031] = [t:920..1031] ;8)sentence:[e:1033..1126] = [t:1033..1126] ;9)sentence:[e:1127..1303] = [t:1127..1303] ;10)sentence:[e:1304..1426] = [t:1304..1426] ;11)sentence:[e:1428..1539] = [t:1428..1539] ;12)sentence:[e:1540..1672] = [t:1540..1672] ;13)sentence:[e:1673..1791] = [t:1673..1791] ;14)section:[e:1795..1840] = [t:1795..1840] ;section 0 Span:0..31 ;Pancreas 1999 Apr;18(3):308-15 (SEC (FRAG (IN:[0..8] Pancreas) (CD:[10..14] 1999) (CD:[15..21] Apr;18) (-LRB-:[21..22] -LRB-) (CD:[22..23] 3) (-RRB-:[23..24] -RRB-) (::[24..25] :) (CD:[25..31] 308-15))) ;sentence 1 Span:36..145 ;Immunohistochemical and molecular analysis of giant cell carcinoma of the ;pancreas: a report of three cases. ;[82..119]:malignancy-type:"giant cell carcinoma of the pancreas" (SENT (NP-HLN (NP (NP (NP (JJ:[36..55] Immunohistochemical) (NML-1 (-NONE-:[55..55] *P*))) (CC:[56..59] and) (NP (JJ:[60..69] molecular) (NML-1 (NN:[70..78] analysis)))) (PP (IN:[79..81] of) (NP (NP (NML (JJ:[82..87] giant) (NN:[88..92] cell)) (NN:[93..102] carcinoma)) (PP (IN:[103..105] of) (NP (DT:[106..109] the) (NN:[111..119] pancreas)))))) (::[119..120] :) (NP (NP (DT:[121..122] a) (NN:[123..129] report)) (PP (IN:[130..132] of) (NP (CD:[133..138] three) (NNS:[139..144] cases)))) (.:[144..145] .))) ;section 2 Span:149..234 ;Imai Y, Morishita S, Ikeda Y, Toyoda M, Ashizawa T, Yamamoto K, Inoue T, ;Ishikawa T. (SEC (FRAG (NNP:[149..153] Imai) (NNP:[154..155] Y) (,:[155..156] ,) (NNP:[157..166] Morishita) (NNP:[167..168] S) (,:[168..169] ,) (NNP:[170..175] Ikeda) (NNP:[176..177] Y) (,:[177..178] ,) (NNP:[179..185] Toyoda) (NNP:[186..188] M,) (NNP:[189..197] Ashizawa) (NNP:[198..199] T) (,:[199..200] ,) (NNP:[201..209] Yamamoto) (NNP:[210..212] K,) (NNP:[213..218] Inoue) (NNP:[219..220] T) (,:[220..221] ,) (NNP:[223..231] Ishikawa) (NNP:[232..234] T.))) ;section 3 Span:238..311 ;Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Japan. (SEC (FRAG (NNP:[238..248] Department) (IN:[249..251] of) (NNP:[252..261] Pathology) (,:[261..262] ,) (NNP:[263..270] Faculty) (IN:[271..273] of) (NNP:[274..282] Medicine) (,:[282..283] ,) (NNP:[284..294] University) (IN:[295..297] of) (NNP:[298..303] Tokyo) (,:[303..304] ,) (NNP:[305..310] Japan) (.:[310..311] .))) ;sentence 4 Span:315..453 ;We performed molecular biological studies as well as immunohistochemical ;analysis of three cases of giant cell carcinoma of the pancreas. ;[416..452]:malignancy-type:"giant cell carcinoma of the pancreas" (SENT (S (NP-SBJ (PRP:[315..317] We)) (VP (VBD:[318..327] performed) (NP (NP (NP (JJ:[328..337] molecular) (JJ:[338..348] biological) (NNS:[349..356] studies)) (CONJP (RB:[357..359] as) (RB:[360..364] well) (IN:[365..367] as)) (NP (JJ:[368..387] immunohistochemical) (NN:[389..397] analysis))) (PP (IN:[398..400] of) (NP (NP (CD:[401..406] three) (NNS:[407..412] cases)) (PP (IN:[413..415] of) (NP (NP (NML (JJ:[416..421] giant) (NN:[422..426] cell)) (NN:[427..436] carcinoma)) (PP (IN:[437..439] of) (NP (DT:[440..443] the) (NN:[444..452] pancreas))))))))) (.:[452..453] .))) ;sentence 5 Span:454..767 ;Histologically, one case was a pleomorphic giant cell carcinoma consisting ;of pleomorphic giant/ small cells and spindle cells, one an osteoclast-like ;giant cell tumor composed of osteoclastoid giant cells and pleomorphic small ;cells, and one a pleomorphic giant cell carcinoma with osteoclastoid giant ;cells. ;[498..518]:malignancy-type:"giant cell carcinoma" ;[607..623]:malignancy-type:"giant cell tumor" ;[715..735]:malignancy-type:"giant cell carcinoma" (SENT (S (ADVP (RB:[454..468] Histologically)) (,:[468..469] ,) (NP-SBJ (CD:[471..474] one) (NN:[475..479] case)) (VP (VBD:[480..483] was) (NP-PRD (NP (DT:[484..485] a) (JJ:[486..497] pleomorphic) (NML (JJ:[498..503] giant) (NN:[504..508] cell)) (NN:[509..518] carcinoma)) (VP (VBG:[519..529] consisting) (PP (IN:[530..532] of) (NP (NP (NP (NP (JJ:[533..544] pleomorphic) (NN:[545..550] giant) (NML-1 (-NONE-:[550..550] *P*))) (SYM:[550..551] /) (NP (JJ:[553..558] small) (NML-1 (NNS:[559..564] cells)))) (CC:[565..568] and) (NP (NN:[569..576] spindle) (NNS:[577..582] cells))) (,:[582..583] ,) (NP (NP (NP (CD:[584..587] one)) (NP (NP (DT:[588..590] an) (ADJP (NN:[591..601] osteoclast) (HYPH:[601..602] -) (JJ:[602..606] like)) (NML (JJ:[607..612] giant) (NN:[613..617] cell)) (NN:[618..623] tumor)) (VP (VBN:[624..632] composed) (NP (-NONE-:[632..632] *)) (PP-CLR (IN:[634..636] of) (NP (NP (JJ:[637..650] osteoclastoid) (JJ:[651..656] giant) (NNS:[657..662] cells)) (CC:[663..666] and) (NP (JJ:[667..678] pleomorphic) (JJ:[679..684] small) (NNS:[685..690] cells))))))) (,:[690..691] ,) (CC:[692..695] and) (NP (NP (CD:[696..699] one)) (NP (NP (DT:[700..701] a) (JJ:[702..713] pleomorphic) (NML (JJ:[715..720] giant) (NN:[721..725] cell)) (NN:[726..735] carcinoma)) (PP (IN:[736..740] with) (NP (JJ:[741..754] osteoclastoid) (JJ:[755..760] giant) (NNS:[761..766] cells))))))))))) (.:[766..767] .))) ;sentence 6 Span:768..919 ;Immunohistochemically, pleomorphic giant cells and small pleomorphic cells ;were positive for epithelial and mesenchymal markers throughout the cases. (SENT (S (ADVP (RB:[768..789] Immunohistochemically)) (,:[789..790] ,) (NP-SBJ (NP (JJ:[792..803] pleomorphic) (JJ:[804..809] giant) (NNS:[810..815] cells)) (CC:[816..819] and) (NP (JJ:[820..825] small) (JJ:[826..837] pleomorphic) (NNS:[838..843] cells))) (VP (VBD:[844..848] were) (ADJP-PRD (JJ:[849..857] positive) (PP (IN:[858..861] for) (NP (ADJP (JJ:[862..872] epithelial) (CC:[874..877] and) (JJ:[878..889] mesenchymal)) (NNS:[890..897] markers)))) (PP (IN:[898..908] throughout) (NP (DT:[909..912] the) (NNS:[913..918] cases)))) (.:[918..919] .))) ;sentence 7 Span:920..1031 ;Osteoclastoid cells were strongly positive for PG-M1 (CD68), but negative ;for lysozyme and epithelial markers. ;[968..973]:gene-protein:"PG-M1" ;[975..979]:gene-protein:"CD68" ;[999..1007]:gene-protein:"lysozyme" (SENT (S (NP-SBJ (JJ:[920..933] Osteoclastoid) (NNS:[934..939] cells)) (VP (VBD:[940..944] were) (ADJP-PRD (ADJP (RB:[945..953] strongly) (JJ:[955..963] positive) (PP (IN:[964..967] for) (NP (NN:[968..973] PG-M1) (PRN (-LRB-:[974..975] -LRB-) (NP (NN:[975..979] CD68)) (-RRB-:[979..980] -RRB-))))) (,:[980..981] ,) (CC:[982..985] but) (ADJP (JJ:[986..994] negative) (PP (IN:[995..998] for) (NP (NP (NN:[999..1007] lysozyme)) (CC:[1008..1011] and) (NP (JJ:[1012..1022] epithelial) (NNS:[1023..1030] markers))))))) (.:[1030..1031] .))) ;sentence 8 Span:1033..1126 ;Pleomorphic spindle cells showed the same immunoreactivity as pleomorphic ;giant/small cells. (SENT (S (NP-SBJ (JJ:[1033..1044] Pleomorphic) (NN:[1045..1052] spindle) (NNS:[1053..1058] cells)) (VP (VBD:[1059..1065] showed) (NP (NP (DT:[1066..1069] the) (JJ:[1070..1074] same) (NN:[1075..1091] immunoreactivity)) (PP (IN:[1092..1094] as) (NP (NP (ADJP-1 (JJ:[1095..1106] pleomorphic)) (JJ:[1108..1113] giant) (NML-2 (-NONE-:[1113..1113] *P*))) (SYM:[1113..1114] /) (NP (ADJP-1 (-NONE-:[1114..1114] *P*)) (JJ:[1114..1119] small) (NML-2 (NNS:[1120..1125] cells))))))) (.:[1125..1126] .))) ;sentence 9 Span:1127..1303 ;Genetically, all cases contained a mutation in the K-ras (codons 12, 13) ;oncogene, but neither p53 (exons 5-8) nor p16INK4 (exons 1, 2) gene ;mutations were found in any case. ;[1178..1183]:gene-rna:"K-ras" ;[1186..1195]:variation-location:"codons 12" ;[1186..1192]...[1197..1199]:variation-location:"codons"..."13" ;[1223..1226]:gene-rna:"p53" ;[1228..1237]:variation-location:"exons 5-8" ;[1243..1250]:gene-rna:"p16INK4" ;[1252..1259]:variation-location:"exons 1" ;[1252..1257]...[1261..1262]:variation-location:"exons"..."2" ;[1270..1279]:variation-event:"mutations" (SENT (S (S (ADVP (RB:[1127..1138] Genetically)) (,:[1138..1139] ,) (NP-SBJ (DT:[1140..1143] all) (NNS:[1144..1149] cases)) (VP (VBD:[1150..1159] contained) (NP (NP (DT:[1160..1161] a) (NN:[1162..1170] mutation)) (PP (IN:[1171..1173] in) (NP (DT:[1174..1177] the) (NN:[1178..1183] K-ras) (PRN (-LRB-:[1185..1186] -LRB-) (NP (NP (NML-1 (NNS:[1186..1192] codons)) (CD:[1193..1195] 12)) (,:[1195..1196] ,) (NP (NML-1 (-NONE-:[1196..1196] *P*)) (CD:[1197..1199] 13))) (-RRB-:[1199..1200] -RRB-)) (NN:[1201..1209] oncogene)))))) (,:[1209..1210] ,) (CC:[1211..1214] but) (S (NP-SBJ-2 (CC:[1215..1222] neither) (NP (NN:[1223..1226] p53) (PRN (-LRB-:[1227..1228] -LRB-) (NP (NP (NNS:[1228..1233] exons) (CD:[1234..1235] 5)) (PP (HYPH:[1235..1236] -) (NP (CD:[1236..1237] 8))))) (-RRB-:[1237..1238] -RRB-) (NML-3 (-NONE-:[1238..1238] *P*))) (CC:[1239..1242] nor) (NP (NN:[1243..1250] p16INK4) (PRN (-LRB-:[1251..1252] -LRB-) (NP (NP (NML-4 (NNS:[1252..1257] exons)) (CD:[1258..1259] 1)) (,:[1259..1260] ,) (NP (NML-4 (-NONE-:[1260..1260] *P*)) (CD:[1261..1262] 2))) (-RRB-:[1262..1263] -RRB-)) (NML-3 (NN:[1265..1269] gene) (NNS:[1270..1279] mutations)))) (VP (VBD:[1280..1284] were) (VP (VBN:[1285..1290] found) (NP-2 (-NONE-:[1290..1290] *)) (PP (IN:[1291..1293] in) (NP (DT:[1294..1297] any) (NN:[1298..1302] case)))))) (.:[1302..1303] .))) ;sentence 10 Span:1304..1426 ;Furthermore, Loss of heterozygosity (LOH) of the p53, p161NK4. APC, and DPC4 ;gene loci was not found in any of the cases. ;[1317..1339]:variation-type:"Loss of heterozygosity" ;[1341..1344]:variation-type:"LOH" ;[1354..1357]:gene-rna:"p53" ;[1359..1366]:gene-rna:"p161NK4" ;[1368..1371]:gene-rna:"APC" ;[1377..1381]:gene-rna:"DPC4" (SENT (S (ADVP (RB:[1304..1315] Furthermore)) (,:[1315..1316] ,) (NP-SBJ-2 (NP (NP (NN:[1317..1321] Loss)) (PP (IN:[1322..1324] of) (NP (NN:[1325..1339] heterozygosity)))) (NP (-LRB-:[1340..1341] -LRB-) (NN:[1341..1344] LOH) (-RRB-:[1344..1345] -RRB-)) (PP (IN:[1347..1349] of) (NP (NP (DT:[1350..1353] the) (NN:[1354..1357] p53) (NML-1 (-NONE-:[1357..1357] *P*))) (,:[1357..1358] ,) (NP (NN:[1359..1366] p161NK4) (.:[1366..1367] .) (NN:[1368..1371] APC) (NML-1 (-NONE-:[1371..1371] *P*))) (,:[1371..1372] ,) (CC:[1373..1376] and) (NP (NN:[1377..1381] DPC4) (NML-1 (NN:[1382..1386] gene) (NNS:[1387..1391] loci)))))) (VP (VBD:[1392..1395] was) (RB:[1396..1399] not) (VP (VBN:[1400..1405] found) (NP-2 (-NONE-:[1405..1405] *)) (PP (IN:[1406..1408] in) (NP (NP (DT:[1409..1412] any)) (PP (IN:[1413..1415] of) (NP (DT:[1416..1419] the) (NNS:[1420..1425] cases))))))) (.:[1425..1426] .))) ;sentence 11 Span:1428..1539 ;Immunohistochemical study demonstrated this tumor to be of epithelial origin ;with mesenchymal differentiation. (SENT (S (NP-SBJ (JJ:[1428..1447] Immunohistochemical) (NN:[1448..1453] study)) (VP (VBD:[1454..1466] demonstrated) (S (NP-SBJ (DT:[1467..1471] this) (NN:[1472..1477] tumor)) (VP (TO:[1478..1480] to) (VP (VB:[1481..1483] be) (PP-PRD (IN:[1484..1486] of) (NP (JJ:[1487..1497] epithelial) (NN:[1498..1504] origin))) (PP (IN:[1506..1510] with) (NP (JJ:[1511..1522] mesenchymal) (NN:[1523..1538] differentiation))))))) (.:[1538..1539] .))) ;sentence 12 Span:1540..1672 ;Genetically, initiation of the tumor is similar to that of usual ductal ;adenocarcinoma, but progression might be rather different. ;[1606..1627]:malignancy-type:"ductal adenocarcinoma" (SENT (S (S (ADVP (RB:[1540..1551] Genetically)) (,:[1551..1552] ,) (NP-SBJ (NP (NN:[1553..1563] initiation)) (PP (IN:[1564..1566] of) (NP (DT:[1567..1570] the) (NN:[1571..1576] tumor)))) (VP (VBZ:[1577..1579] is) (ADJP-PRD (JJ:[1581..1588] similar) (PP (TO:[1589..1591] to) (NP (NP (DT:[1592..1596] that)) (PP (IN:[1597..1599] of) (NP (JJ:[1600..1605] usual) (JJ:[1606..1612] ductal) (NN:[1613..1627] adenocarcinoma)))))))) (,:[1627..1628] ,) (CC:[1629..1632] but) (S (NP-SBJ (NN:[1633..1644] progression)) (VP (MD:[1645..1650] might) (VP (VB:[1651..1653] be) (ADJP-PRD (RB:[1654..1660] rather) (JJ:[1662..1671] different))))) (.:[1671..1672] .))) ;sentence 13 Span:1673..1791 ;The peculiar histologic and biologic features of this tumor would be the ;result of changes in other functional genes. (SENT (S (NP-SBJ (NP (DT:[1673..1676] The) (NML (NML (ADJP-2 (JJ:[1677..1685] peculiar)) (JJ:[1686..1696] histologic) (NML-1 (-NONE-:[1696..1696] *P*))) (CC:[1697..1700] and) (NML (ADJP-2 (-NONE-:[1700..1700] *P*)) (JJ:[1701..1709] biologic) (NML-1 (NNS:[1710..1718] features))))) (PP (IN:[1719..1721] of) (NP (DT:[1722..1726] this) (NN:[1727..1732] tumor)))) (VP (MD:[1733..1738] would) (VP (VB:[1739..1741] be) (NP-PRD (NP (DT:[1743..1746] the) (NN:[1747..1753] result)) (PP (IN:[1754..1756] of) (NP (NP (NNS:[1757..1764] changes)) (PP (IN:[1765..1767] in) (NP (JJ:[1768..1773] other) (JJ:[1774..1784] functional) (NNS:[1785..1790] genes)))))))) (.:[1790..1791] .))) ;section 14 Span:1795..1840 ;PMID: 10206490 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] (SEC (FRAG (NNP:[1795..1799] PMID) (::[1799..1800] :) (CD:[1801..1809] 10206490) (NN:[1810..1811] -LSB-) (NNP:[1811..1817] PubMed) (::[1818..1819] -) (NN:[1820..1827] indexed) (IN:[1828..1831] for) (NNP:[1832..1840] MEDLINE-RSB-)))