;PMID: 2021946 ;source_file_1243.mrg ;Release 0.9 of PennBioIE ;Funded by NSF ITR EIA-0205448 ;0)section:[e:0..37] = [t:0..37] ;1)sentence:[e:42..125] = [t:42..125] ;2)section:[e:129..194] = [t:129..194] ;3)section:[e:198..285] = [t:198..285] ;4)sentence:[e:289..608] = [t:289..608] ;5)sentence:[e:609..781] = [t:609..781] ;6)sentence:[e:782..831] = [t:782..831] ;7)sentence:[e:832..912] = [t:832..912] ;8)sentence:[e:913..1062] = [t:913..1062] ;9)sentence:[e:1063..1286] = [t:1063..1286] ;10)sentence:[e:1288..1358] = [t:1288..1358] ;11)section:[e:1362..1406] = [t:1362..1406] ;section 0 Span:0..37 ;Cancer Res 1991 May 15;51(10):2690-3 (SEC (FRAG (NN:[0..6] Cancer) (NNP:[7..10] Res) (CD:[12..16] 1991) (MD:[17..20] May) (DT:[21..27] 15;51-LRB-) (CD:[27..29] 10) (-RRB-:[29..30] -RRB-) (CD:[30..35] :2690) (::[35..36] -) (CD:[36..37] 3))) ;sentence 1 Span:42..125 ;High rates of ras codon 61 mutation in thyroid tumors in an iodide-deficient ;area. ;[56..59]:gene-rna:"ras" ;[60..68]:variation-location:"codon 61" ;[69..77]:variation-event:"mutation" ;[81..95]:malignancy:"thyroid tumors" (SENT (NP-HLN (NP (JJ:[42..46] High) (NNS:[47..52] rates)) (PP (IN:[53..55] of) (NP (NN:[56..59] ras) (NML (NN:[60..65] codon) (CD:[66..68] 61)) (NN:[69..77] mutation))) (PP-LOC (IN:[78..80] in) (NP (JJ:[81..88] thyroid) (NNS:[89..95] tumors))) (PP-LOC (IN:[96..98] in) (NP (DT:[99..101] an) (ADJP (NN:[102..108] iodide) (HYPH:[108..109] -) (JJ:[109..118] deficient)) (NN:[120..124] area))) (.:[124..125] .))) ;section 2 Span:129..194 ;Shi YF, Zou MJ, Schmidt H, Juhasz F, Stensky V, Robb D, Farid NR. (SEC (FRAG (NNP:[129..132] Shi) (NNP:[133..135] YF) (,:[135..136] ,) (NNP:[137..140] Zou) (NNP:[141..143] MJ) (,:[143..144] ,) (NNP:[145..152] Schmidt) (NNP:[153..154] H) (,:[154..155] ,) (NNP:[156..162] Juhasz) (NNP:[163..164] F) (,:[164..165] ,) (NNP:[166..173] Stensky) (NNP:[174..175] V) (,:[175..176] ,) (NNP:[177..181] Robb) (NNP:[182..183] D) (,:[183..184] ,) (NNP:[185..190] Farid) (NNP:[191..193] NR) (.:[193..194] .))) ;section 3 Span:198..285 ;Thyroid Research Laboratory, Health Sciences Centre, St. John's, ;Newfoundland, Canada. (SEC (FRAG (NNP:[198..205] Thyroid) (NNP:[206..214] Research) (NNP:[215..225] Laboratory) (,:[225..226] ,) (NNP:[227..233] Health) (NNPS:[234..242] Sciences) (NNP:[243..249] Centre) (,:[249..250] ,) (NNP:[251..254] St.) (NNP:[255..259] John) (POS:[259..261] 's) (,:[261..262] ,) (NNP:[263..275] Newfoundland) (,:[275..276] ,) (NNP:[278..284] Canada) (.:[284..285] .))) ;sentence 4 Span:289..608 ;Using polymerase chain reaction and sequence-specific oligonucleotide ;hybridization, the frequency of three ras oncogene mutations (N-ras, Ha-ras, ;and K-ras) in thyroid tumors (25 adenomas, 16 follicular carcinomas, and 22 ;papillary carcinomas) was investigated in both iodide-deficient and ;iodide-sufficient areas. ;[295..305]:gene-protein:"polymerase" ;[398..401]:gene-rna:"ras" ;[422..427]:gene-rna:"N-ras" ;[429..435]:gene-rna:"Ha-ras" ;[442..447]:gene-rna:"K-ras" ;[452..466]:malignancy:"thyroid tumors" ;[471..479]:malignancy:"adenomas" ;[484..505]:malignancy:"follicular carcinomas" ;[515..535]:malignancy:"papillary carcinomas" (SENT (S (S-MNR (NP-SBJ (-NONE-:[289..289] *)) (VP (VBG:[289..294] Using) (NP (NP (NN:[295..305] polymerase) (NN:[306..311] chain) (NN:[312..320] reaction)) (CC:[321..324] and) (NP (ADJP (NN:[325..333] sequence) (HYPH:[333..334] -) (JJ:[334..342] specific)) (NN:[343..358] oligonucleotide) (NN:[360..373] hybridization))))) (,:[373..374] ,) (NP-SBJ-2 (NP (DT:[375..378] the) (NN:[379..388] frequency)) (PP (IN:[389..391] of) (NP (NP (CD:[392..397] three) (NML (NN:[398..401] ras) (NN:[402..410] oncogene)) (NNS:[411..420] mutations) (PRN (-LRB-:[421..422] -LRB-) (NP (NN:[422..427] N-ras) (,:[427..428] ,) (NN:[429..435] Ha-ras) (,:[435..436] ,) (CC:[437..440] and) (NN:[442..447] K-ras)) (-RRB-:[447..448] -RRB-))) (PP (IN:[449..451] in) (NP (JJ:[452..459] thyroid) (NNS:[460..466] tumors) (PRN (-LRB-:[467..468] -LRB-) (NP (NP (CD:[468..470] 25) (NNS:[471..479] adenomas)) (,:[479..480] ,) (NP (CD:[481..483] 16) (JJ:[484..494] follicular) (NNS:[495..505] carcinomas)) (,:[505..506] ,) (CC:[507..510] and) (NP (CD:[511..513] 22) (JJ:[515..524] papillary) (NNS:[525..535] carcinomas))) (-RRB-:[535..536] -RRB-))))))) (VP (VBD:[537..540] was) (VP (VBN:[541..553] investigated) (NP-2 (-NONE-:[553..553] *)) (PP-LOC (IN:[554..556] in) (NP (CC:[557..561] both) (NP (NML (NN:[562..568] iodide) (HYPH:[568..569] -) (JJ:[569..578] deficient)) (NML-1 (-NONE-:[578..578] *P*))) (CC:[579..582] and) (NP (NML (NN:[584..590] iodide) (HYPH:[590..591] -) (JJ:[591..601] sufficient)) (NML-1 (NNS:[602..607] areas))))))) (.:[607..608] .))) ;sentence 5 Span:609..781 ;The ras oncogene mutation rate was significantly higher in the ;iodide-deficient area, being 85 versus 17% in the adenomas, and 50 versus ;10% in the follicular carcinomas. ;[613..616]:gene-rna:"ras" ;[723..731]:malignancy:"adenomas" ;[759..780]:malignancy:"follicular carcinomas" (SENT (S (NP-SBJ (DT:[609..612] The) (NML (NN:[613..616] ras) (NN:[617..625] oncogene)) (NN:[626..634] mutation) (NN:[635..639] rate)) (VP (VBD:[640..643] was) (ADJP-PRD (RB:[644..657] significantly) (JJR:[658..664] higher)) (PP (IN:[666..668] in) (NP (DT:[669..672] the) (ADJP (NN:[673..679] iodide) (HYPH:[679..680] -) (JJ:[680..689] deficient)) (NN:[690..694] area))) (,:[694..695] ,) (S-ADV (NP-SBJ (-NONE-:[695..695] *)) (VP (VP (VBG:[696..701] being) (NP-PRD (NP (CD:[702..704] 85) (NML-2 (-NONE-:[704..704] *P*))) (PP (IN:[705..711] versus) (NP (CD:[712..714] 17) (NML-2 (NN:[714..715] %))))) (PP (IN:[716..718] in) (NP (DT:[719..722] the) (NNS:[723..731] adenomas)))) (,:[731..732] ,) (CC:[733..736] and) (VP (NP-PRD (NP (CD:[737..739] 50) (NML-1 (-NONE-:[739..739] *P*))) (PP (IN:[740..746] versus) (NP (CD:[748..750] 10) (NML-1 (NN:[750..751] %))))) (PP-LOC (IN:[752..754] in) (NP (DT:[755..758] the) (JJ:[759..769] follicular) (NNS:[770..780] carcinomas))))))) (.:[780..781] .))) ;sentence 6 Span:782..831 ;No mutations were found in papillary carcinomas. ;[809..830]:malignancy:"papillary carcinomas" (SENT (S (NP-SBJ-1 (DT:[782..784] No) (NNS:[785..794] mutations)) (VP (VBD:[795..799] were) (VP (VBN:[800..805] found) (NP-1 (-NONE-:[805..805] *)) (PP-LOC (IN:[806..808] in) (NP (JJ:[809..818] papillary) (NNS:[820..830] carcinomas))))) (.:[830..831] .))) ;sentence 7 Span:832..912 ;The most common mutation site was Ha-ras codon 61 with Gln----Arg ;substitution. ;[848..856]:variation-event:"mutation" ;[866..872]:gene-rna:"Ha-ras" ;[873..881]:variation-location:"codon 61" ;[887..890]:variation-state-original:"Gln" ;[894..897]:variation-state-altered:"Arg" ;[899..911]:variation-type:"substitution" (SENT (S (NP-SBJ (DT:[832..835] The) (ADJP (RBS:[836..840] most) (JJ:[841..847] common)) (NN:[848..856] mutation) (NN:[857..861] site)) (VP (VBD:[862..865] was) (NP-PRD (NP (NN:[866..872] Ha-ras) (NN:[873..878] codon) (CD:[879..881] 61)) (PP (IN:[882..886] with) (NP (NML (NN:[887..890] Gln) (SYM:[890..894] ----) (NN:[894..897] Arg)) (NN:[899..911] substitution))))) (.:[911..912] .))) ;sentence 8 Span:913..1062 ;Two ras mutations at codon 61 (Gln----Lys in N-ras and Gln----Arg in Ha-ras) ;were found in a microfollicular adenoma specimen from Eastern Hungary. ;[917..920]:gene-rna:"ras" ;[921..930]:variation-event:"mutations" ;[934..942]:variation-location:"codon 61" ;[944..947]:variation-state-original:"Gln" ;[951..954]:variation-state-altered:"Lys" ;[958..963]:gene-rna:"N-ras" ;[968..971]:variation-state-original:"Gln" ;[975..978]:variation-state-altered:"Arg" ;[983..989]:gene-rna:"Ha-ras" ;[1007..1030]:malignancy:"microfollicular adenoma" (SENT (S (NP-SBJ-1 (NP (CD:[913..916] Two) (NN:[917..920] ras) (NNS:[921..930] mutations)) (PP-LOC (IN:[931..933] at) (NP (NN:[934..939] codon) (CD:[940..942] 61))) (PRN (-LRB-:[943..944] -LRB-) (NP (NP (NN:[944..947] Gln) (SYM:[947..951] ----) (NN:[951..954] Lys)) (PP-LOC (IN:[955..957] in) (NP (NN:[958..963] N-ras)))) (CC:[964..967] and) (NP (NP (NN:[968..971] Gln) (SYM:[971..975] ----) (NN:[975..978] Arg)) (PP-LOC (IN:[980..982] in) (NP (NN:[983..989] Ha-ras)))) (-RRB-:[989..990] -RRB-))) (VP (VBD:[991..995] were) (VP (VBN:[996..1001] found) (NP-1 (-NONE-:[1001..1001] *)) (PP-LOC (IN:[1002..1004] in) (NP (NP (DT:[1005..1006] a) (JJ:[1007..1022] microfollicular) (NN:[1023..1030] adenoma) (NN:[1031..1039] specimen)) (PP-LOC (IN:[1040..1044] from) (NP (JJ:[1045..1052] Eastern) (NNP:[1054..1061] Hungary))))))) (.:[1061..1062] .))) ;sentence 9 Span:1063..1286 ;We conclude that dietary iodine may modulate ras oncogene mutations, and ;that in the iodide-deficient area, ras oncogene activation may play a more ;important role in the initiation and/or maintenance of follicular tumors. ;[1108..1111]:gene-rna:"ras" ;[1172..1175]:gene-rna:"ras" ;[1268..1285]:malignancy:"follicular tumors" (SENT (S (NP-SBJ (PRP:[1063..1065] We)) (VP (VBP:[1066..1074] conclude) (SBAR (SBAR (IN:[1075..1079] that) (S (NP-SBJ (JJ:[1080..1087] dietary) (NN:[1088..1094] iodine)) (VP (MD:[1095..1098] may) (VP (VB:[1099..1107] modulate) (NP (NML (NN:[1108..1111] ras) (NN:[1112..1120] oncogene)) (NNS:[1121..1130] mutations)))))) (,:[1130..1131] ,) (CC:[1133..1136] and) (SBAR (IN:[1137..1141] that) (S (PP (IN:[1142..1144] in) (NP (DT:[1145..1148] the) (ADJP (NN:[1149..1155] iodide) (HYPH:[1155..1156] -) (JJ:[1156..1165] deficient)) (NN:[1166..1170] area))) (,:[1170..1171] ,) (NP-SBJ (NN:[1172..1175] ras) (NN:[1176..1184] oncogene) (NN:[1185..1195] activation)) (VP (MD:[1196..1199] may) (VP (VB:[1200..1204] play) (NP (DT:[1205..1206] a) (ADJP (RBR:[1207..1211] more) (JJ:[1213..1222] important)) (NN:[1223..1227] role)) (PP (IN:[1228..1230] in) (NP (NP (DT:[1231..1234] the) (NN:[1235..1245] initiation) (CC:[1246..1252] and/or) (NN:[1253..1264] maintenance)) (PP (IN:[1265..1267] of) (NP (JJ:[1268..1278] follicular) (NNS:[1279..1285] tumors))))))))))) (.:[1285..1286] .))) ;sentence 10 Span:1288..1358 ;Additional factors are, however, necessary to initiate carcinogenesis. (SENT (S (NP-SBJ (JJ:[1288..1298] Additional) (NNS:[1299..1306] factors)) (VP (VBP:[1307..1310] are) (,:[1310..1311] ,) (ADVP (RB:[1312..1319] however)) (,:[1319..1320] ,) (ADJP-PRD (JJ:[1321..1330] necessary) (S-ADV (NP-SBJ (-NONE-:[1330..1330] *)) (VP (TO:[1331..1333] to) (VP (VB:[1334..1342] initiate) (NP (NN:[1343..1357] carcinogenesis))))))) (.:[1357..1358] .))) ;section 11 Span:1362..1406 ;PMID: 2021946 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] (SEC (FRAG (NNP:[1362..1366] PMID) (::[1366..1367] :) (CD:[1368..1375] 2021946) (NN:[1376..1377] -LSB-) (NNP:[1377..1383] PubMed) (::[1384..1385] -) (NN:[1386..1393] indexed) (IN:[1394..1397] for) (NNP:[1398..1406] MEDLINE-RSB-)))