;PMID: 7928631 ;source_file_1233.mrg ;Release 0.9 of PennBioIE ;Funded by NSF ITR EIA-0205448 ;0)section:[e:0..39] = [t:0..39] ;1)sentence:[e:44..132] = [t:44..132] ;2)section:[e:136..199] = [t:136..199] ;3)section:[e:203..263] = [t:203..263] ;4)sentence:[e:267..549] = [t:267..549] ;5)sentence:[e:550..749] = [t:550..749] ;6)sentence:[e:750..889] = [t:750..889] ;7)sentence:[e:890..1001] = [t:890..1001] ;8)sentence:[e:1002..1061] = [t:1002..1061] ;9)sentence:[e:1062..1179] = [t:1062..1179] ;10)sentence:[e:1180..1276] = [t:1180..1276] ;11)sentence:[e:1277..1474] = [t:1277..1474] ;12)section:[e:1478..1522] = [t:1478..1522] ;section 0 Span:0..39 ;Jpn J Cancer Res 1994 Aug;85(8):847-52 (SEC (FRAG (NNP:[0..3] Jpn) (NNP:[4..5] J) (NNP:[6..12] Cancer) (NNP:[13..16] Res) (CD:[18..22] 1994) (CC:[23..30] Aug;85-LRB-) (CD:[30..31] 8) (-RRB-:[31..32] -RRB-) (CD:[32..36] :847) (::[36..37] -) (CD:[37..39] 52))) ;sentence 1 Span:44..132 ;State of adenomatous polyposis coli gene and ras oncogenes in Japanese ;prostate cancer. ;[53..79]:gene-rna:"adenomatous polyposis coli" ;[89..92]:gene-rna:"ras" ;[115..131]:malignancy:"prostate cancer" (SENT (NP-HLN (NP (NN:[44..49] State)) (PP (IN:[50..52] of) (NP (NP (JJ:[53..64] adenomatous) (NN:[65..74] polyposis) (NN:[75..79] coli) (NN:[80..84] gene)) (CC:[85..88] and) (NP (NN:[89..92] ras) (NNS:[93..102] oncogenes)))) (PP (IN:[103..105] in) (NP (JJ:[106..114] Japanese) (NN:[115..123] prostate) (NN:[125..131] cancer))) (.:[131..132] .))) ;section 2 Span:136..199 ;Suzuki H, Aida S, Akimoto S, Igarashi T, Yatani R, Shimazaki J. (SEC (FRAG (NNP:[136..142] Suzuki) (NNP:[143..144] H) (,:[144..145] ,) (NNP:[146..150] Aida) (NNP:[151..153] S,) (NNP:[154..161] Akimoto) (NNP:[162..164] S,) (NNP:[165..173] Igarashi) (NNP:[174..175] T) (,:[175..176] ,) (NNP:[177..183] Yatani) (NNP:[184..186] R,) (NNP:[187..196] Shimazaki) (NNP:[197..199] J.))) ;section 3 Span:203..263 ;Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Chiba University. (SEC (FRAG (NNP:[203..213] Department) (IN:[214..216] of) (NNP:[217..224] Urology) (,:[224..225] ,) (NNP:[226..232] School) (IN:[233..235] of) (NNP:[236..244] Medicine) (,:[244..245] ,) (NNP:[246..251] Chiba) (NNP:[252..262] University) (.:[262..263] .))) ;sentence 4 Span:267..549 ;Genetic alterations of ras oncogenes (K-, H- and N-ras) and adenomatous ;polyposis coli (APC) gene in tissues of prostate cancer from Japanese ;patients were examined using PCR-SSCP (polymerase chain reaction-single ;strand conformation polymorphism) analysis and direct sequencing. ;[290..293]:gene-rna:"ras" ;[305..307]...[309..311]...[316..318]...[318..321]:gene-rna:"K-"..."H-"..."N-" ;..."ras" ;[327..354]:gene-rna:"adenomatous polyposis coli" ;[356..359]:gene-rna:"APC" ;[380..395]:malignancy:"prostate cancer" ;[450..460]:gene-protein:"polymerase" (SENT (S (NP-SBJ-1 (NP (JJ:[267..274] Genetic) (NNS:[275..286] alterations)) (PP (IN:[287..289] of) (NP (NP (NN:[290..293] ras) (NNS:[294..303] oncogenes) (PRN (-LRB-:[304..305] -LRB-) (NP (NP (NN:[305..306] K) (HYPH:[306..307] -) (NML-2 (-NONE-:[307..307] *P*))) (,:[307..308] ,) (NP (NN:[309..310] H) (HYPH:[310..311] -) (NML-2 (-NONE-:[311..311] *P*))) (CC:[312..315] and) (NP (NN:[316..317] N) (HYPH:[317..318] -) (NML-2 (NN:[318..321] ras)))) (-RRB-:[321..322] -RRB-))) (CC:[323..326] and) (NP (NML (NML (JJ:[327..338] adenomatous) (NN:[340..349] polyposis) (NN:[350..354] coli)) (NML (-LRB-:[355..356] -LRB-) (NN:[356..359] APC) (-RRB-:[359..360] -RRB-))) (NN:[361..365] gene)))) (PP-LOC (IN:[366..368] in) (NP (NP (NNS:[369..376] tissues)) (PP (IN:[377..379] of) (NP (NP (NN:[380..388] prostate) (NN:[389..395] cancer)) (PP (IN:[396..400] from) (NP (JJ:[401..409] Japanese) (NNS:[410..418] patients)))))))) (VP (VBD:[420..424] were) (VP (VBN:[425..433] examined) (NP-1 (-NONE-:[433..433] *)) (S-MNR (NP-SBJ (-NONE-:[433..433] *)) (VP (VBG:[434..439] using) (NP (NP (NML (NML (NN:[440..443] PCR) (HYPH:[443..444] -) (NN:[444..448] SSCP)) (NML (-LRB-:[449..450] -LRB-) (NML (NN:[450..460] polymerase) (NN:[461..466] chain) (NN:[467..475] reaction)) (HYPH:[475..476] -) (NML (NML (JJ:[476..482] single) (NN:[483..489] strand)) (NN:[491..503] conformation) (NN:[504..516] polymorphism)) (-RRB-:[516..517] -RRB-))) (NN:[518..526] analysis)) (CC:[527..530] and) (NP (JJ:[531..537] direct) (NN:[538..548] sequencing))))))) (.:[548..549] .))) ;sentence 5 Span:550..749 ;Tissues from 8 cases of untreated stage B prostate cancer surgically removed ;and from 10 cases of endocrine therapy-resistant metastatic disease obtained ;at autopsy were used in the present study. ;[585..608]:malignancy:"stage B prostate cancer" ;[678..696]:malignancy:"metastatic disease" (SENT (S (NP-SBJ-1 (NP (NNS:[550..557] Tissues)) (PP (PP (IN:[558..562] from) (NP (NP (CD:[563..564] 8) (NNS:[565..570] cases)) (PP (IN:[572..574] of) (NP (NP (JJ:[575..584] untreated) (NML (NN:[585..590] stage) (NN:[591..592] B)) (NN:[593..601] prostate) (NN:[602..608] cancer)) (VP (ADVP-MNR (RB:[609..619] surgically)) (VBN:[620..627] removed) (NP (-NONE-:[627..627] *))))))) (CC:[628..631] and) (PP (IN:[632..636] from) (NP (NP (NP (CD:[637..639] 10) (NNS:[640..645] cases)) (PP (IN:[646..648] of) (NP (ADJP (NML (JJ:[650..659] endocrine) (NN:[660..667] therapy)) (HYPH:[667..668] -) (JJ:[668..677] resistant)) (JJ:[678..688] metastatic) (NN:[689..696] disease)))) (VP (VBN:[697..705] obtained) (NP (-NONE-:[705..705] *)) (PP (IN:[706..708] at) (NP (NN:[709..716] autopsy)))))))) (VP (VBD:[717..721] were) (VP (VBN:[722..726] used) (NP-1 (-NONE-:[726..726] *)) (PP (IN:[727..729] in) (NP (DT:[731..734] the) (JJ:[735..742] present) (NN:[743..748] study))))) (.:[748..749] .))) ;sentence 6 Span:750..889 ;In four out of 18 cases (22%), ras point mutations were found, two in either ;codon 12 or 61 of K-ras and two in either 13 or 61 of H-ras. ;[781..784]:gene-rna:"ras" ;[785..800]:variation-type:"point mutations" ;[828..833]...[834..836]...[840..842]...[870..872]...[876..878]:variation-loca ;tion:"codon"..."12"..."61"..."13"..."61" ;[846..851]:gene-rna:"K-ras" ;[883..888]:gene-rna:"H-ras" (SENT (S (PP (IN:[750..752] In) (NP (NP (CD:[753..757] four)) (PP (IN:[758..761] out) (PP (IN:[762..764] of) (NP (CD:[765..767] 18) (NNS:[768..773] cases) (PRN (-LRB-:[774..775] -LRB-) (NP (CD:[775..777] 22) (NN:[777..778] %)) (-RRB-:[778..779] -RRB-))))))) (,:[779..780] ,) (NP-SBJ-2 (NN:[781..784] ras) (NN:[785..790] point) (NNS:[791..800] mutations)) (VP (VBD:[801..805] were) (VP (VBN:[807..812] found) (NP-2 (-NONE-:[812..812] *)) (,:[812..813] ,) (FRAG (NP (NP (NP (CD:[814..817] two)) (PP (IN:[818..820] in) (NP (NP (CC:[821..827] either) (NP (NML-1 (NN:[828..833] codon)) (CD:[834..836] 12)) (CC:[837..839] or) (NP (NML-1 (-NONE-:[839..839] *P*)) (CD:[840..842] 61))) (PP (IN:[843..845] of) (NP (NN:[846..851] K-ras)))))) (CC:[852..855] and) (NP (NP (CD:[856..859] two)) (PP (IN:[860..862] in) (NP (NP (CC:[863..869] either) (CD:[870..872] 13) (CC:[873..875] or) (CD:[876..878] 61)) (PP (IN:[879..881] of) (NP (NN:[883..888] H-ras)))))))))) (.:[888..889] .))) ;sentence 7 Span:890..1001 ;These point mutations were detected in one of the stage B cases (13%) and in ;three of the autopsy cases (30%). ;[896..911]:variation-type:"point mutations" ;[940..947]:malignancy:"stage B" (SENT (S (NP-SBJ-1 (DT:[890..895] These) (NN:[896..901] point) (NNS:[902..911] mutations)) (VP (VBD:[912..916] were) (VP (VBN:[917..925] detected) (NP-1 (-NONE-:[925..925] *)) (PP (PP (IN:[926..928] in) (NP (NP (CD:[929..932] one)) (PP (IN:[933..935] of) (NP (DT:[936..939] the) (NML (NN:[940..945] stage) (NN:[946..947] B)) (NNS:[948..953] cases))) (PRN (-LRB-:[954..955] -LRB-) (NP (CD:[955..957] 13) (NN:[957..958] %)) (-RRB-:[958..959] -RRB-)))) (CC:[960..963] and) (PP (IN:[965..967] in) (NP (NP (CD:[968..973] three)) (PP (IN:[974..976] of) (NP (DT:[977..980] the) (NN:[981..988] autopsy) (NNS:[989..994] cases))) (PRN (-LRB-:[995..996] -LRB-) (NP (CD:[996..998] 30) (NN:[998..999] %)) (-RRB-:[999..1000] -RRB-))))))) (.:[1000..1001] .))) ;sentence 8 Span:1002..1061 ;All these cases were poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma. ;[1023..1060]:malignancy:"poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma" (SENT (S (NP-SBJ (PDT:[1002..1005] All) (DT:[1006..1011] these) (NNS:[1012..1017] cases)) (VP (VBD:[1018..1022] were) (ADJP-PRD (ADJP (RB:[1023..1029] poorly) (VBN:[1030..1044] differentiated)) (NN:[1046..1060] adenocarcinoma))) (.:[1060..1061] .))) ;sentence 9 Span:1062..1179 ;In autopsy cases showing ras mutation in cancerous prostate, the same ;alteration was observed in metastatic tissues. ;[1087..1090]:gene-rna:"ras" ;[1091..1099]:variation-event:"mutation" ;[1103..1121]:malignancy:"cancerous prostate" ;[1133..1143]:variation-event:"alteration" ;[1160..1178]:malignancy:"metastatic tissues" (SENT (S (PP (IN:[1062..1064] In) (NP (NP (NN:[1065..1072] autopsy) (NNS:[1073..1078] cases)) (VP (VBG:[1079..1086] showing) (NP (NN:[1087..1090] ras) (NN:[1091..1099] mutation)) (PP (IN:[1100..1102] in) (NP (JJ:[1103..1112] cancerous) (NN:[1113..1121] prostate)))))) (,:[1121..1122] ,) (NP-SBJ-1 (DT:[1123..1126] the) (JJ:[1128..1132] same) (NN:[1133..1143] alteration)) (VP (VBD:[1144..1147] was) (VP (VBN:[1148..1156] observed) (NP-1 (-NONE-:[1156..1156] *)) (PP (IN:[1157..1159] in) (NP (JJ:[1160..1170] metastatic) (NNS:[1171..1178] tissues))))) (.:[1178..1179] .))) ;sentence 10 Span:1180..1276 ;No APC gene mutation was detected in any sample, although polymorphism was ;found in some cases. ;[1183..1186]:gene-rna:"APC" (SENT (S (NP-SBJ-2 (DT:[1180..1182] No) (NN:[1183..1186] APC) (NN:[1187..1191] gene) (NN:[1192..1200] mutation)) (VP (VBD:[1201..1204] was) (VP (VBN:[1206..1214] detected) (NP-2 (-NONE-:[1214..1214] *)) (PP (IN:[1215..1217] in) (NP (DT:[1218..1221] any) (NN:[1222..1228] sample))) (,:[1228..1229] ,) (SBAR-ADV (IN:[1230..1238] although) (S (NP-SBJ-1 (NN:[1239..1251] polymorphism)) (VP (VBD:[1252..1255] was) (VP (VBN:[1256..1261] found) (NP-1 (-NONE-:[1261..1261] *)) (PP (IN:[1262..1264] in) (NP (DT:[1265..1269] some) (NNS:[1270..1275] cases))))))))) (.:[1275..1276] .))) ;sentence 11 Span:1277..1474 ;These results indicate that ras oncogene mutations are related to the ;progression of prostate cancer, whereas APC gene alteration is not involved ;in tumorigenesis and development of this cancer. ;[1306..1309]:gene-rna:"ras" ;[1364..1379]:malignancy:"prostate cancer" ;[1389..1392]:gene-rna:"APC" ;[1467..1473]:malignancy:"cancer" (SENT (S (NP-SBJ (DT:[1277..1282] These) (NNS:[1284..1291] results)) (VP (VBP:[1292..1300] indicate) (SBAR (IN:[1301..1305] that) (S (NP-SBJ-2 (NN:[1306..1309] ras) (NN:[1310..1318] oncogene) (NNS:[1319..1328] mutations)) (VP (VBP:[1329..1332] are) (VP (JJ:[1333..1340] related) (NP-2 (-NONE-:[1340..1340] *)) (PP-CLR (TO:[1341..1343] to) (NP (NP (DT:[1344..1347] the) (NN:[1348..1359] progression)) (PP (IN:[1360..1362] of) (NP (NN:[1364..1372] prostate) (NN:[1373..1379] cancer))))) (,:[1379..1380] ,) (SBAR-ADV (IN:[1381..1388] whereas) (S (NP-SBJ-1 (NN:[1389..1392] APC) (NN:[1393..1397] gene) (NN:[1398..1408] alteration)) (VP (VBZ:[1409..1411] is) (RB:[1412..1415] not) (VP (VBN:[1416..1424] involved) (NP-1 (-NONE-:[1424..1424] *)) (PP (IN:[1425..1427] in) (NP (NP (NN:[1428..1441] tumorigenesis) (CC:[1443..1446] and) (NN:[1447..1458] development)) (PP (IN:[1459..1461] of) (NP (DT:[1462..1466] this) (NN:[1467..1473] cancer)))))))))))))) (.:[1473..1474] .))) ;section 12 Span:1478..1522 ;PMID: 7928631 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] (SEC (FRAG (NNP:[1478..1482] PMID) (::[1482..1483] :) (CD:[1484..1491] 7928631) (NN:[1492..1493] -LSB-) (NNP:[1493..1499] PubMed) (::[1500..1501] -) (NN:[1502..1509] indexed) (IN:[1510..1513] for) (NNP:[1514..1522] MEDLINE-RSB-)))