;PMID: 9048488 ;source_file_1224.mrg ;Release 0.9 of PennBioIE ;Funded by NSF ITR EIA-0205448 ;0)section:[e:0..34] = [t:0..34] ;1)sentence:[e:39..145] = [t:39..145] ;2)section:[e:149..199] = [t:149..199] ;3)section:[e:203..278] = [t:203..278] ;4)sentence:[e:282..676] = [t:282..676] ;5)sentence:[e:677..881] = [t:677..881] ;6)sentence:[e:882..996] = [t:882..996] ;7)sentence:[e:998..1093] = [t:998..1093] ;8)sentence:[e:1094..1322] = [t:1094..1322] ;9)section:[e:1326..1370] = [t:1326..1370] ;section 0 Span:0..34 ;Yonsei Med J 1996 Dec;37(6):371-9 (SEC (FRAG (NNP:[0..6] Yonsei) (NNP:[7..10] Med) (NNP:[11..12] J) (CD:[14..18] 1996) (.:[19..26] Dec;37-LRB-) (CD:[26..28] 6-RRB-) (CD:[28..32] :371) (::[32..33] -) (CD:[33..34] 9))) ;sentence 1 Span:39..145 ;A PCR-RFLP method for the detection of activated H-ras oncogene with a point ;mutation at codon 12 and 61. ;[88..93]:gene-rna:"H-ras" ;[110..125]:variation-type:"point mutation" ;[129..137]:variation-location:"codon 12" ;[129..134]...[142..144]:variation-location:"codon"..."61" (SENT (NP-HLN (NP (DT:[39..40] A) (NML (NN:[41..44] PCR) (HYPH:[44..45] -) (NN:[45..49] RFLP)) (NN:[50..56] method)) (PP (IN:[57..60] for) (NP (NP (DT:[61..64] the) (NN:[65..74] detection)) (PP (IN:[75..77] of) (NP (NP (VBN:[78..87] activated) (NN:[88..93] H-ras) (NN:[94..102] oncogene)) (PP (IN:[103..107] with) (NP (NP (DT:[108..109] a) (NN:[110..115] point) (NN:[117..125] mutation)) (PP-LOC (IN:[126..128] at) (NP (NP (NML-1 (NN:[129..134] codon)) (CD:[135..137] 12)) (CC:[138..141] and) (NP (NML-1 (-NONE-:[141..141] *P*)) (CD:[142..144] 61)))))))))) (.:[144..145] .))) ;section 2 Span:149..199 ;Hong SJ, Lee T, Park YS, Lee KO, Chung BH, Lee SH. (SEC (FRAG (NNP:[149..153] Hong) (NNP:[154..156] SJ) (,:[156..157] ,) (NNP:[158..161] Lee) (NNP:[162..163] T) (,:[163..164] ,) (NNP:[165..169] Park) (NNP:[170..172] YS) (NNP:[172..173] ,) (NNP:[174..177] Lee) (NNP:[178..180] KO) (,:[180..181] ,) (NNP:[182..187] Chung) (NNP:[188..190] BH) (,:[190..191] ,) (NNP:[192..195] Lee) (NNP:[196..199] SH.))) ;section 3 Span:203..278 ;Department of Urology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea. (SEC (FRAG (NNP:[203..213] Department) (IN:[214..216] of) (NNP:[217..224] Urology) (,:[224..225] ,) (NNP:[226..232] Yonsei) (NNP:[233..243] University) (NNP:[244..251] College) (IN:[252..254] of) (NNP:[255..263] Medicine) (,:[263..264] ,) (NNP:[265..270] Seoul) (,:[270..271] ,) (NNP:[272..277] Korea) (.:[277..278] .))) ;sentence 4 Span:282..676 ;To investigate the incidence of the H-ras gene activation in bladder tumor ;and the feasibility of using urinary washout samples for screening, a series ;of 33 human bladder tumors and their preoperatively collected urinary ;washout samples were screened using a mutant specific PCR-RFLP (polymerase ;chain-restriction fragment length polymorphism) to detect a point mutation ;of the H-ras gene. ;[318..323]:gene-rna:"H-ras" ;[343..356]:malignancy:"bladder tumor" ;[448..462]:malignancy:"bladder tumors" ;[571..581]:gene-protein:"polymerase" ;[643..657]:variation-type:"point mutation" ;[665..670]:gene-rna:"H-ras" (SENT (S (S-PRP (NP-SBJ (-NONE-:[282..282] *)) (VP (TO:[282..284] To) (VP (VB:[285..296] investigate) (NP (NP (NP (DT:[297..300] the) (NN:[301..310] incidence)) (PP (IN:[311..313] of) (NP (DT:[314..317] the) (NN:[318..323] H-ras) (NN:[324..328] gene) (NN:[329..339] activation))) (PP (IN:[340..342] in) (NP (NN:[343..350] bladder) (NN:[351..356] tumor)))) (CC:[357..360] and) (NP (NP (DT:[362..365] the) (NN:[366..377] feasibility)) (PP (IN:[378..380] of) (S-NOM (NP-SBJ (-NONE-:[380..380] *)) (VP (VBG:[381..386] using) (NP (JJ:[387..394] urinary) (NN:[395..402] washout) (NNS:[403..410] samples)) (PP (IN:[411..414] for) (NP (NN:[415..424] screening))))))))))) (,:[424..425] ,) (NP-SBJ-1 (NP (DT:[426..427] a) (NN:[428..434] series)) (PP (IN:[435..437] of) (NP (NP (CD:[438..440] 33) (JJ:[442..447] human) (NN:[448..455] bladder) (NNS:[456..462] tumors)) (CC:[463..466] and) (NP (PRP$:[467..472] their) (ADJP (RB:[473..487] preoperatively) (VBN:[488..497] collected)) (JJ:[498..505] urinary) (NN:[506..513] washout) (NNS:[514..521] samples))))) (VP (VBD:[523..527] were) (VP (VBN:[528..536] screened) (NP-1 (-NONE-:[536..536] *)) (S-MNR (NP-SBJ (-NONE-:[536..536] *)) (VP (VBG:[537..542] using) (NP (DT:[543..544] a) (ADJP (NN:[545..551] mutant) (JJ:[552..560] specific)) (NML (NML (NN:[561..564] PCR) (HYPH:[564..565] -) (NN:[565..569] RFLP)) (NML (-LRB-:[570..571] -LRB-) (NML (NN:[571..581] polymerase) (NN:[582..587] chain)) (HYPH:[587..588] -) (NML (NN:[588..599] restriction) (NN:[601..609] fragment) (NN:[610..616] length) (NN:[617..629] polymorphism)) (-RRB-:[629..630] -RRB-)))) (S-PRP (NP-SBJ (-NONE-:[630..630] *)) (VP (TO:[631..633] to) (VP (VB:[634..640] detect) (NP (NP (DT:[641..642] a) (NN:[643..648] point) (NN:[649..657] mutation)) (PP (IN:[658..660] of) (NP (DT:[661..664] the) (NN:[665..670] H-ras) (NN:[671..675] gene))))))))))) (.:[675..676] .))) ;sentence 5 Span:677..881 ;Five tumors were found to harbor H-ras mutations where two tumors had a ;glycine to valine (G-->T) change in codon 12 and three tumors had a ;glutamine to lysine (C-->A) change in codon 61, respectively. ;[683..689]:malignancy:"tumors" ;[711..716]:gene-rna:"H-ras" ;[737..743]:malignancy:"tumors" ;[750..757]:variation-state-original:"glycine" ;[762..768]:variation-state-altered:"valine" ;[770..771]:variation-state-original:"G" ;[774..775]:variation-state-altered:"T" ;[787..795]:variation-location:"codon 12" ;[806..812]:malignancy:"tumors" ;[819..828]:variation-state-original:"glutamine" ;[832..838]:variation-state-altered:"lysine" ;[841..842]:variation-state-original:"C" ;[845..846]:variation-state-altered:"A" ;[858..866]:variation-location:"codon 61" (SENT (S (NP-SBJ-1 (CD:[677..681] Five) (NNS:[683..689] tumors)) (VP (VBD:[690..694] were) (VP (VBN:[695..700] found) (S (NP-SBJ-1 (-NONE-:[700..700] *)) (VP (TO:[701..703] to) (VP (VB:[704..710] harbor) (NP (NN:[711..716] H-ras) (NNS:[717..726] mutations)) (SBAR-ADV (IN:[727..732] where) (S (S (NP-SBJ (CD:[733..736] two) (NNS:[737..743] tumors)) (VP (VBD:[744..747] had) (NP (DT:[748..749] a) (NML (NML (NN:[750..757] glycine)) (PP (TO:[758..760] to) (NP (NN:[762..768] valine)))) (PRN (-LRB-:[769..770] -LRB-) (NP (NP (NN:[770..771] G)) (PP (SYM:[771..774] -->) (NP (NN:[774..775] T)))) (-RRB-:[775..776] -RRB-)) (NN:[777..783] change)) (PP-LOC (IN:[784..786] in) (NP (NN:[787..792] codon) (CD:[793..795] 12))))) (CC:[796..799] and) (S (NP-SBJ (CD:[800..805] three) (NNS:[806..812] tumors)) (VP (VBD:[813..816] had) (NP (DT:[817..818] a) (NML (NML (NN:[819..828] glutamine)) (PP (TO:[829..831] to) (NP (NN:[832..838] lysine)))) (PRN (-LRB-:[840..841] -LRB-) (NP (NP (NN:[841..842] C)) (PP (SYM:[842..845] -->) (NP (NN:[845..846] A)))) (-RRB-:[846..847] -RRB-)) (NN:[848..854] change)) (PP-LOC (IN:[855..857] in) (NP (NN:[858..863] codon) (CD:[864..866] 61))) (,:[866..867] ,) (ADVP (RB:[868..880] respectively))))))))))) (.:[880..881] .))) ;sentence 6 Span:882..996 ;Moreover, we could also detect the same point mutations of the H-ras gene in ;corresponding urine washout samples. ;[923..938]:variation-type:"point mutations" ;[946..951]:gene-rna:"H-ras" (SENT (S (ADVP (RB:[882..890] Moreover)) (,:[890..891] ,) (NP-SBJ (PRP:[892..894] we)) (VP (MD:[895..900] could) (ADVP (RB:[901..905] also)) (VP (VB:[906..912] detect) (NP (NP (DT:[913..916] the) (JJ:[918..922] same) (NN:[923..928] point) (NNS:[929..938] mutations)) (PP (IN:[939..941] of) (NP (DT:[942..945] the) (NN:[946..951] H-ras) (NN:[952..956] gene)))) (PP-LOC (IN:[957..959] in) (NP (JJ:[960..973] corresponding) (NN:[974..979] urine) (NN:[980..987] washout) (NNS:[988..995] samples))))) (.:[995..996] .))) ;sentence 7 Span:998..1093 ;The incidence of H-ras mutation in Korean bladder cancer was estimated at ;approximately 15.2%. ;[1015..1020]:gene-rna:"H-ras" ;[1040..1054]:malignancy:"bladder cancer" (SENT (S (NP-SBJ-1 (NP (DT:[998..1001] The) (NN:[1002..1011] incidence)) (PP (IN:[1012..1014] of) (NP (NP (NN:[1015..1020] H-ras) (NN:[1021..1029] mutation)) (PP (IN:[1030..1032] in) (NP (JJ:[1033..1039] Korean) (NN:[1040..1047] bladder) (NN:[1048..1054] cancer)))))) (VP (VBD:[1055..1058] was) (VP (VBN:[1059..1068] estimated) (NP-1 (-NONE-:[1068..1068] *)) (PP (IN:[1069..1071] at) (NP (QP (RB:[1073..1086] approximately) (CD:[1087..1091] 15.2)) (NN:[1091..1092] %))))) (.:[1092..1093] .))) ;sentence 8 Span:1094..1322 ;In conclusion, a mutant specific PCR-RFLP method for the detection of H-ras ;gene mutation is useful for screening or postoperative follow-up of bladder ;tumor due to its simplicity and high specificity even in urinary samples. ;[1165..1170]:gene-rna:"H-ras" ;[1240..1253]:malignancy:"bladder tumor" (SENT (S (PP (IN:[1094..1096] In) (NP (NN:[1097..1107] conclusion))) (,:[1107..1108] ,) (NP-SBJ (NP (DT:[1109..1110] a) (ADJP (NN:[1111..1117] mutant) (JJ:[1118..1126] specific)) (NML (NN:[1127..1130] PCR) (HYPH:[1130..1131] -) (NN:[1131..1135] RFLP)) (NN:[1136..1142] method)) (PP (IN:[1143..1146] for) (NP (NP (DT:[1147..1150] the) (NN:[1152..1161] detection)) (PP (IN:[1162..1164] of) (NP (NN:[1165..1170] H-ras) (NN:[1171..1175] gene) (NN:[1176..1184] mutation)))))) (VP (VBZ:[1185..1187] is) (NP-PRD (NP (JJ:[1188..1194] useful)) (PP (IN:[1195..1198] for) (NP (NP (NN:[1199..1208] screening)) (CC:[1209..1211] or) (NP (NP (JJ:[1212..1225] postoperative) (VB:[1227..1233] follow) (HYPH:[1233..1234] -) (RP:[1234..1236] up)) (PP (IN:[1237..1239] of) (NP (NN:[1240..1247] bladder) (NN:[1248..1253] tumor)))))) (PP (JJ:[1254..1257] due) (PP (TO:[1258..1260] to) (NP (NP (PRP$:[1261..1264] its) (NN:[1265..1275] simplicity)) (CC:[1276..1279] and) (NP (JJ:[1280..1284] high) (NML (NN:[1285..1296] specificity)))))) (PP-LOC (RB:[1297..1301] even) (IN:[1302..1304] in) (NP (JJ:[1306..1313] urinary) (NNS:[1314..1321] samples))))) (.:[1321..1322] .))) ;section 9 Span:1326..1370 ;PMID: 9048488 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] (SEC (FRAG (NNP:[1326..1330] PMID) (::[1330..1331] :) (CD:[1332..1339] 9048488) (NN:[1340..1341] -LSB-) (NNP:[1341..1347] PubMed) (::[1348..1349] -) (NN:[1350..1357] indexed) (IN:[1358..1361] for) (NNP:[1362..1370] MEDLINE-RSB-)))