;PMID: 1619852 ;source_file_1191.mrg ;Release 0.9 of PennBioIE ;Funded by NSF ITR EIA-0205448 ;0)section:[e:0..31] = [t:0..31] ;1)sentence:[e:36..165] = [t:36..165] ;2)section:[e:169..177] = [t:169..177] ;3)section:[e:181..254] = [t:181..254] ;4)sentence:[e:258..432] = [t:258..432] ;5)sentence:[e:433..556] = [t:433..556] ;6)sentence:[e:557..846] = [t:557..846] ;7)sentence:[e:847..985] = [t:847..985] ;8)sentence:[e:986..1108] = [t:986..1108] ;9)sentence:[e:1109..1246] = [t:1109..1246] ;10)section:[e:1250..1294] = [t:1250..1294] ;section 0 Span:0..31 ;Keio J Med 1992 Jun;41(2):80-6 (SEC (FRAG (NNP:[0..4] Keio) (NNP:[5..6] J) (NNP:[7..10] Med) (CD:[12..16] 1992) (-LRB-:[17..24] Jun;41-LRB-) (CD:[24..25] 2) (-RRB-:[25..26] -RRB-) (CD:[26..29] :80) (HYPH:[29..30] -) (CD:[30..31] 6))) ;sentence 1 Span:36..165 ;Detection of H-ras gene point mutations in transitional cell carcinoma of ;human urinary bladder using polymerase chain reaction. ;[49..54]:gene-rna:"H-ras" ;[60..75]:variation-type:"point mutations" ;[79..109]...[117..132]:malignancy:"transitional cell carcinoma of"..."urinary ;bladder" ;[139..149]:gene-protein:"polymerase" (SENT (FRAG-HLN (NP (NP (NN:[36..45] Detection)) (PP (IN:[46..48] of) (NP (NN:[49..54] H-ras) (NN:[55..59] gene) (NN:[60..65] point) (NNS:[66..75] mutations))) (PP (IN:[76..78] in) (NP (NP (JJ:[79..91] transitional) (NN:[92..96] cell) (NN:[97..106] carcinoma)) (PP (IN:[107..109] of) (NP (JJ:[110..115] human) (JJ:[117..124] urinary) (NN:[125..132] bladder)))))) (S-MNR (NP-SBJ (-NONE-:[132..132] *)) (VP (VBG:[133..138] using) (NP (NN:[139..149] polymerase) (NN:[150..155] chain) (NN:[156..164] reaction)))) (.:[164..165] .))) ;section 2 Span:169..177 ;Saito S. (SEC (FRAG (NNP:[169..174] Saito) (NNP:[175..177] S.))) ;section 3 Span:181..254 ;Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan. (SEC (FRAG (NNP:[181..191] Department) (IN:[192..194] of) (NNP:[195..202] Urology) (,:[202..203] ,) (NNP:[204..210] School) (IN:[211..213] of) (NNP:[214..222] Medicine) (,:[222..223] ,) (NNP:[224..228] Keio) (NNP:[229..239] University) (,:[239..240] ,) (NNP:[241..246] Tokyo) (,:[246..247] ,) (NNP:[248..253] Japan) (.:[253..254] .))) ;sentence 4 Span:258..432 ;It has been reported that the H-ras gene is activated as oncogene in human ;bladder cancer cases, and that codon 12 and codon 61 are the major "hot ;spots" of its activation. ;[288..293]:gene-rna:"H-ras" ;[334..348]:malignancy:"bladder cancer" ;[365..373]:variation-location:"codon 12" ;[378..386]:variation-location:"codon 61" (SENT (S (NP-SBJ-1 (NP (PRP:[258..260] It)) (SBAR-2 (-NONE-:[260..260] *EXP*))) (VP (VBZ:[261..264] has) (VP (VBN:[265..269] been) (VP (VBN:[270..278] reported) (NP-1 (-NONE-:[278..278] *)) (SBAR-2 (SBAR (IN:[279..283] that) (S (NP-SBJ-3 (DT:[284..287] the) (NN:[288..293] H-ras) (NN:[294..298] gene)) (VP (VBZ:[299..301] is) (VP (VBN:[302..311] activated) (NP-3 (-NONE-:[311..311] *)) (PP (IN:[312..314] as) (NP (NN:[315..323] oncogene))) (PP (IN:[324..326] in) (NP (NML (JJ:[327..332] human) (NN:[334..341] bladder) (NN:[342..348] cancer)) (NNS:[349..354] cases))))))) (,:[354..355] ,) (CC:[356..359] and) (SBAR (IN:[360..364] that) (S (NP-SBJ (NP (NN:[365..370] codon) (CD:[371..373] 12)) (CC:[374..377] and) (NP (NN:[378..383] codon) (CD:[384..386] 61))) (VP (VBP:[387..390] are) (NP-PRD (NP (DT:[391..394] the) (JJ:[395..400] major) (``:[401..402] ") (JJ:[402..405] hot) (NNS:[406..411] spots) ('':[411..412] ")) (PP (IN:[414..416] of) (NP (PRP$:[417..420] its) (NN:[421..431] activation))))))))))) (.:[431..432] .))) ;sentence 5 Span:433..556 ;A simple method to detect point mutations in these codons of H-ras gene was ;established for the use of clinical diagnosis. ;[459..474]:variation-type:"point mutations" ;[484..490]:variation-location:"codons" ;[495..500]:gene-rna:"H-ras" (SENT (S (NP-SBJ-2 (NP (DT:[433..434] A) (JJ:[435..441] simple) (NN:[442..448] method)) (SBAR (WHNP-1 (-NONE-:[448..448] 0)) (S (NP-SBJ-1 (-NONE-:[448..448] *T*)) (VP (TO:[449..451] to) (VP (VB:[452..458] detect) (NP (NN:[459..464] point) (NNS:[465..474] mutations)) (PP-LOC (IN:[475..477] in) (NP (NP (DT:[478..483] these) (NNS:[484..490] codons)) (PP (IN:[491..493] of) (NP (NN:[495..500] H-ras) (NN:[501..505] gene)))))))))) (VP (VBD:[506..509] was) (VP (VBN:[510..521] established) (NP-2 (-NONE-:[521..521] *)) (PP (IN:[522..525] for) (NP (NP (DT:[526..529] the) (NN:[530..533] use)) (PP (IN:[534..536] of) (NP (JJ:[537..545] clinical) (NN:[546..555] diagnosis))))))) (.:[555..556] .))) ;sentence 6 Span:557..846 ;In this method, the DNA segments including codon 12 or codon 61 were ;amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and the reaction products were ;examined for their susceptibility to the restriction enzyme NaeI or BstNI, ;and by dot blot hybridization assay with oligonucleotide probes. ;[601..609]:variation-location:"codon 12" ;[613..621]:variation-location:"codon 61" ;[640..650]:gene-protein:"polymerase" ;[766..770]:gene-protein:"NaeI" ;[774..779]:gene-protein:"BstNI" (SENT (S (S (PP (IN:[557..559] In) (NP (DT:[560..564] this) (NN:[565..571] method))) (,:[571..572] ,) (NP-SBJ-1 (NP (DT:[574..577] the) (NN:[578..581] DNA) (NNS:[582..590] segments)) (PP (VBG:[591..600] including) (NP (NP (NN:[601..606] codon) (CD:[607..609] 12)) (CC:[610..612] or) (NP (NN:[613..618] codon) (CD:[619..621] 61))))) (VP (VBD:[622..626] were) (VP (VBN:[627..636] amplified) (NP-1 (-NONE-:[636..636] *)) (PP-MNR (IN:[637..639] by) (NP (NP (NN:[640..650] polymerase) (NN:[652..657] chain) (NN:[658..666] reaction)) (NP (-LRB-:[667..668] -LRB-) (NN:[668..671] PCR) (-RRB-:[671..672] -RRB-))))))) (,:[672..673] ,) (CC:[674..677] and) (S (NP-SBJ-2 (DT:[678..681] the) (NN:[682..690] reaction) (NNS:[691..699] products)) (VP (VBD:[700..704] were) (VP (VBN:[705..713] examined) (NP-2 (-NONE-:[713..713] *)) (PP (PP (IN:[714..717] for) (NP (NP (PRP$:[718..723] their) (NN:[725..739] susceptibility)) (PP (TO:[740..742] to) (NP (NP (DT:[743..746] the) (NN:[747..758] restriction) (NN:[759..765] enzyme)) (NP (NN:[766..770] NaeI) (CC:[771..773] or) (NN:[774..779] BstNI)))))) (,:[779..780] ,) (CC:[781..784] and) (PP (IN:[785..787] by) (NP (NP (NML (NML (NN:[788..791] dot) (NN:[792..796] blot)) (NN:[798..811] hybridization)) (NN:[812..817] assay)) (PP (IN:[818..822] with) (NP (NN:[823..838] oligonucleotide) (NNS:[839..845] probes))))))))) (.:[845..846] .))) ;sentence 7 Span:847..985 ;Point mutations were detectable in small amounts of DNAs isolated from fresh ;or frozen tumor tissues, urine cells and paraffin sections. ;[847..862]:variation-type:"Point mutations" ;[935..948]:malignancy:"tumor tissues" (SENT (S (NP-SBJ (NN:[847..852] Point) (NNS:[853..862] mutations)) (VP (VBD:[863..867] were) (ADJP-PRD (JJ:[868..878] detectable)) (PP-LOC (IN:[880..882] in) (NP (NP (JJ:[883..888] small) (NNS:[889..896] amounts)) (PP (IN:[897..899] of) (NP (NP (NNS:[900..904] DNAs)) (VP (VBN:[905..913] isolated) (NP (-NONE-:[913..913] *)) (PP (IN:[914..918] from) (NP (NP (JJ:[919..924] fresh) (NML-1 (-NONE-:[924..924] *P*))) (CC:[925..927] or) (NP (VBN:[928..934] frozen) (NML-1 (NN:[935..940] tumor) (NNS:[941..948] tissues))) (,:[948..949] ,) (NP (NN:[950..955] urine) (NNS:[957..962] cells)) (CC:[963..966] and) (NP (NN:[967..975] paraffin) (NNS:[976..984] sections)))))))))) (.:[984..985] .))) ;sentence 8 Span:986..1108 ;The method was applied for a clinical sample and a case that had a point ;mutation at codon 12 of H-ras gene was detected. ;[1054..1068]:variation-type:"point mutation" ;[1072..1080]:variation-location:"codon 12" ;[1084..1089]:gene-rna:"H-ras" (SENT (S (S (NP-SBJ-1 (DT:[986..989] The) (NN:[990..996] method)) (VP (VBD:[997..1000] was) (VP (VBN:[1001..1008] applied) (NP-1 (-NONE-:[1008..1008] *)) (PP (IN:[1009..1012] for) (NP (DT:[1013..1014] a) (JJ:[1015..1023] clinical) (NN:[1024..1030] sample)))))) (CC:[1031..1034] and) (S (NP-SBJ-2 (NP (DT:[1035..1036] a) (NN:[1038..1042] case)) (SBAR (WHNP-3 (WDT:[1043..1047] that)) (S (NP-SBJ-3 (-NONE-:[1047..1047] *T*)) (VP (VBD:[1048..1051] had) (NP (DT:[1052..1053] a) (NN:[1054..1059] point) (NN:[1060..1068] mutation)) (PP-LOC (IN:[1069..1071] at) (NP (NP (NN:[1072..1077] codon) (CD:[1078..1080] 12)) (PP (IN:[1081..1083] of) (NP (NN:[1084..1089] H-ras) (NN:[1090..1094] gene))))))))) (VP (VBD:[1095..1098] was) (VP (VBN:[1099..1107] detected) (NP-2 (-NONE-:[1107..1107] *))))) (.:[1107..1108] .))) ;sentence 9 Span:1109..1246 ;The point mutation was existed in DNAs of primary tumor tissue, all ;recurrent tumor tissues and cells isolated from urine of this case. ;[1113..1128]:variation-type:"point mutation" ;[1152..1172]:malignancy:"primary tumor tissue" ;[1178..1202]:malignancy:"recurrent tumor tissues" (SENT (S (NP-SBJ-1 (DT:[1109..1112] The) (NN:[1113..1118] point) (NN:[1120..1128] mutation)) (VP (VBD:[1129..1132] was) (VP (VBN:[1133..1140] existed) (NP-1 (-NONE-:[1140..1140] *)) (PP-LOC (IN:[1141..1143] in) (NP (NP (NNS:[1144..1148] DNAs)) (PP (IN:[1149..1151] of) (NP (NP (JJ:[1152..1159] primary) (NN:[1160..1165] tumor) (NN:[1166..1172] tissue)) (,:[1172..1173] ,) (NP (DT:[1174..1177] all) (JJ:[1178..1187] recurrent) (NN:[1188..1193] tumor) (NNS:[1195..1202] tissues)) (CC:[1203..1206] and) (NP (NP (NNS:[1207..1212] cells)) (VP (VBN:[1213..1221] isolated) (NP (-NONE-:[1221..1221] *)) (PP (IN:[1222..1226] from) (NP (NP (NN:[1227..1232] urine)) (PP (IN:[1233..1235] of) (NP (DT:[1236..1240] this) (NN:[1241..1245] case))))))))))))) (.:[1245..1246] .))) ;section 10 Span:1250..1294 ;PMID: 1619852 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] (SEC (FRAG (NNP:[1250..1254] PMID) (::[1254..1255] :) (CD:[1256..1263] 1619852) (IN:[1264..1265] -LSB-) (NNP:[1265..1271] PubMed) (HYPH:[1272..1273] -) (JJ:[1274..1281] indexed) (IN:[1282..1285] for) (NNP:[1286..1294] MEDLINE-RSB-)))