;PMID: 10653207 ;source_file_1911.mrg ;Release 0.9 of PennBioIE ;Funded by NSF ITR EIA-0205448 ;0)section:[e:0..44] = [t:0..44] ;1)sentence:[e:50..106] = [t:50..106] ;2)section:[e:110..163] = [t:110..163] ;3)section:[e:167..301] = [t:167..301] ;4)sentence:[e:305..403] = [t:305..403] ;5)sentence:[e:404..530] = [t:404..530] ;6)sentence:[e:531..671] = [t:531..671] ;7)sentence:[e:672..900] = [t:672..900] ;8)sentence:[e:901..960] = [t:901..960] ;9)sentence:[e:961..1074] = [t:961..1074] ;10)sentence:[e:1075..1186] = [t:1075..1186] ;11)section:[e:1190..1235] = [t:1190..1235] ;section 0 Span:0..44 ;J Clin Psychopharmacol. 2000 Feb;20(1):43-5. (SEC (FRAG (NNP:[0..1] J) (NNP:[2..6] Clin) (NNP:[7..22] Psychopharmacol) (.:[22..23] .) (CD:[24..28] 2000) (CC:[29..36] Feb;20-LRB-) (CD:[36..37] 1) (-RRB-:[37..38] -RRB-) (CD:[38..41] :43) (::[41..43] -5) (.:[43..44] .))) ;sentence 1 Span:50..106 ;Cytochrome P450 2D6 and treatment of codeine dependence. ;[50..69]:cyp450:"Cytochrome P450 2D6" ;[87..94]:substance:"codeine" (SENT (NP-HLN (NP (NN:[50..60] Cytochrome) (NN:[61..65] P450) (NN:[66..69] 2D6)) (CC:[70..73] and) (NP (NP (NN:[74..83] treatment)) (PP (IN:[84..86] of) (NP (NN:[87..94] codeine) (NN:[95..105] dependence)))) (.:[105..106] .))) ;section 2 Span:110..163 ;Romach MK, Otton SV, Somer G, Tyndale RF, Sellers EM. (SEC (FRAG (NNP:[110..116] Romach) (NNP:[117..119] MK) (,:[119..120] ,) (NNP:[121..126] Otton) (NNP:[127..129] SV) (,:[129..130] ,) (NNP:[131..136] Somer) (NNP:[137..138] G) (,:[138..139] ,) (NNP:[140..147] Tyndale) (NNP:[148..150] RF) (,:[150..151] ,) (NNP:[152..159] Sellers) (NN:[160..162] EM) (.:[162..163] .))) ;section 3 Span:167..301 ;Department of Psychiatry, Centre for Research in Women's Health, University ;of Toronto, Ontario, Canada. myroslava.romach@utoronto.ca (SEC (FRAG (NNP:[167..177] Department) (IN:[178..180] of) (NNP:[181..191] Psychiatry) (,:[191..192] ,) (NNP:[193..199] Centre) (IN:[200..203] for) (NNP:[204..212] Research) (IN:[213..215] in) (NNP:[216..221] Women) (POS:[221..223] 's) (NNP:[224..230] Health) (,:[230..231] ,) (NNP:[232..242] University) (IN:[243..245] of) (NNP:[247..254] Toronto) (,:[254..255] ,) (NNP:[256..263] Ontario) (,:[263..264] ,) (NNP:[265..271] Canada) (.:[271..272] .) (NNP:[273..282] myroslava) (NNP:[282..301] .romach@utoronto.ca))) ;sentence 4 Span:305..403 ;Oral opioid analgesics such as codeine are used extensively worldwide and are ; frequently misused. ;[310..327]:substance:"opioid analgesics" ;[336..343]:substance:"codeine" (SENT (S (NP-SBJ-1 (NP (JJ:[305..309] Oral) (JJ:[310..316] opioid) (NNS:[317..327] analgesics)) (PP (JJ:[328..332] such) (IN:[333..335] as) (NP (NN:[336..343] codeine)))) (VP (VP (VBP:[344..347] are) (VP (VBN:[348..352] used) (NP-1 (-NONE-:[352..352] *)) (ADVP (RB:[353..364] extensively)) (ADVP-LOC (RB:[365..374] worldwide)))) (CC:[375..378] and) (VP (VBP:[379..382] are) (VP (ADVP-TMP (RB:[384..394] frequently)) (VBN:[395..402] misused) (NP-1 (-NONE-:[402..402] *))))) (.:[402..403] .))) ;sentence 5 Span:404..530 ;Codeine is a substrate of CYP2D6, a genetically polymorphic P450 enzyme, and ;is metabolized to the more potent drug morphine. ;[404..411]:substance:"Codeine" ;[417..426]:substance:"substrate" ;[430..436]:cyp450:"CYP2D6" ;[465..476]:cyp450:"P450 enzyme" ;[516..520]:substance:"drug" ;[521..529]:substance:"morphine" (SENT (S (NP-SBJ-1 (NN:[404..411] Codeine)) (VP (VP (VBZ:[412..414] is) (NP-PRD (NP (DT:[415..416] a) (NN:[417..426] substrate)) (PP (IN:[427..429] of) (NP (NP (NN:[430..436] CYP2D6)) (,:[436..437] ,) (NP (DT:[438..439] a) (ADJP (RB:[440..451] genetically) (JJ:[452..463] polymorphic)) (NN:[465..469] P450) (NN:[470..476] enzyme)))))) (,:[476..477] ,) (CC:[478..481] and) (VP (VBZ:[482..484] is) (VP (VBN:[485..496] metabolized) (NP-1 (-NONE-:[496..496] *)) (PP (TO:[497..499] to) (NP (NP (DT:[500..503] the) (ADJP (RBR:[504..508] more) (JJ:[509..515] potent)) (NN:[516..520] drug)) (NP (NN:[521..529] morphine))))))) (.:[529..530] .))) ;sentence 6 Span:531..671 ;CYP2D6 activity can be inhibited by fluoxetine, and the inhibition of ;morphine formation may help individuals reduce their use of codeine. ;[531..537]:cyp450:"CYP2D6" ;[568..578]:substance:"fluoxetine" ;[602..610]:substance:"morphine" ;[663..670]:substance:"codeine" (SENT (S (S (NP-SBJ-2 (NN:[531..537] CYP2D6) (NN:[539..547] activity)) (VP (MD:[548..551] can) (VP (VB:[552..554] be) (VP (VBN:[555..564] inhibited) (NP-2 (-NONE-:[564..564] *)) (PP (IN:[565..567] by) (NP-LGS (NN:[568..578] fluoxetine))))))) (,:[578..579] ,) (CC:[580..583] and) (S (NP-SBJ (NP (DT:[584..587] the) (NN:[588..598] inhibition)) (PP (IN:[599..601] of) (NP (NN:[602..610] morphine) (NN:[612..621] formation)))) (VP (MD:[622..625] may) (VP (VB:[626..630] help) (S (NP-SBJ (NNS:[631..642] individuals)) (VP (VBP:[643..649] reduce) (NP (NP (PRP$:[650..655] their) (NN:[656..659] use)) (PP (IN:[660..662] of) (NP (NN:[663..670] codeine))))))))) (.:[670..671] .))) ;sentence 7 Span:672..900 ;Fourteen long-term users of oral opiates (principally codeine) were assessed ;for an open-label pilot treatment study of fluoxetine 20 mg/day combined ;with a brief behavioral intervention and structured tapering of the opiate. ;[706..713]:substance:"opiates" ;[727..734]:substance:"codeine" ;[794..804]:substance:"fluoxetine" ;[805..807]:quantitative-value:"20" ;[808..814]:quantitative-units:"mg/day" ;[893..899]:substance:"opiate" (SENT (S (NP-SBJ-1 (NP (CD:[672..680] Fourteen) (NML (JJ:[681..685] long) (HYPH:[685..686] -) (NN:[686..690] term)) (NNS:[692..697] users)) (PP (IN:[698..700] of) (NP (NP (JJ:[701..705] oral) (NNS:[706..713] opiates)) (NP (-LRB-:[714..715] -LRB-) (RB:[715..726] principally) (NN:[727..734] codeine) (-RRB-:[734..735] -RRB-))))) (VP (VBD:[736..740] were) (VP (VBN:[741..749] assessed) (NP-1 (-NONE-:[749..749] *)) (PP (IN:[750..753] for) (NP (NP (DT:[754..756] an) (NML (JJ:[757..761] open) (HYPH:[761..762] -) (NN:[762..767] label)) (JJ:[769..774] pilot) (NN:[775..784] treatment) (NN:[785..790] study)) (PP (IN:[791..793] of) (NP (NP (NP (NN:[794..804] fluoxetine)) (NP (NP (CD:[805..807] 20) (NN:[808..810] mg)) (PP (SYM:[810..811] /) (NP (NN:[811..814] day))))) (VP (VBN:[815..823] combined) (NP (-NONE-:[823..823] *)) (PP (IN:[824..828] with) (NP (NP (DT:[829..830] a) (JJ:[831..836] brief) (JJ:[837..847] behavioral) (NN:[849..861] intervention)) (CC:[862..865] and) (NP (NP (VBN:[866..876] structured) (VBG:[877..885] tapering)) (PP (IN:[886..888] of) (NP (DT:[889..892] the) (NN:[893..899] opiate))))))))))))) (.:[899..900] .))) ;sentence 8 Span:901..960 ;Eight subjects entered and completed the 8-week treatment. ;[943..944]:quantitative-value:"8" ;[945..949]:quantitative-units:"week" (SENT (S (NP-SBJ (CD:[901..906] Eight) (NNS:[907..915] subjects)) (VP (VBD:[916..923] entered) (CC:[924..927] and) (VBD:[929..938] completed) (NP-1 (DT:[939..942] the) (NML (CD:[943..944] 8) (HYPH:[944..945] -) (NN:[945..949] week)) (NN:[950..959] treatment))) (.:[959..960] .))) ;sentence 9 Span:961..1074 ;Opiate use decreased by 30% to 100% of baseline use (p < 0.0001) in parallel ;with a decrease in CYP2D6 activity. ;[961..967]:substance:"Opiate" ;[985..988]:quantitative-value:"30%" ;[992..996]:quantitative-value:"100%" ;[1058..1064]:cyp450:"CYP2D6" (SENT (S (NP-SBJ (NN:[961..967] Opiate) (NN:[968..971] use)) (VP (VBD:[972..981] decreased) (PP-EXT (IN:[982..984] by) (NP (NP (NP (CD:[985..987] 30) (NN:[987..988] %)) (TO:[989..991] to) (NP (CD:[992..995] 100) (NN:[995..996] %))) (PP (IN:[997..999] of) (NP (NN:[1000..1008] baseline) (NN:[1010..1013] use))))) (PRN (-LRB-:[1014..1015] -LRB-) (S (NP-SBJ (NN:[1015..1016] p)) (VP (SYM:[1017..1018] <) (NP (CD:[1019..1025] 0.0001)))) (-RRB-:[1025..1026] -RRB-)) (PP (IN:[1027..1029] in) (NP (NP (NN:[1030..1038] parallel)) (PP (IN:[1039..1043] with) (NP (NP (DT:[1044..1045] a) (NN:[1046..1054] decrease)) (PP (IN:[1055..1057] in) (NP (NN:[1058..1064] CYP2D6) (NN:[1065..1073] activity)))))))) (.:[1073..1074] .))) ;sentence 10 Span:1075..1186 ;Fluoxetine may have a role in the treatment of opiate dependence by ;decreasing opiate-reinforcing properties. ;[1075..1085]:substance:"Fluoxetine" ;[1123..1129]:substance:"opiate" ;[1156..1162]:substance:"opiate" (SENT (S (NP-SBJ (NN:[1075..1085] Fluoxetine)) (VP (MD:[1086..1089] may) (VP (VB:[1091..1095] have) (NP (DT:[1096..1097] a) (NN:[1098..1102] role)) (PP (IN:[1103..1105] in) (NP (NP (DT:[1106..1109] the) (NN:[1110..1119] treatment)) (PP (IN:[1120..1122] of) (NP (NN:[1123..1129] opiate) (NN:[1130..1140] dependence))))) (PP-MNR (IN:[1141..1143] by) (S-NOM (NP-SBJ (-NONE-:[1143..1143] *)) (VP (VBG:[1144..1154] decreasing) (NP (NML (NN:[1156..1162] opiate) (HYPH:[1162..1163] -) (VBG:[1163..1174] reinforcing)) (NNS:[1175..1185] properties))))))) (.:[1185..1186] .))) ;section 11 Span:1190..1235 ;PMID: 10653207 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] (SEC (FRAG (NNP:[1190..1194] PMID) (::[1194..1195] :) (CD:[1196..1204] 10653207) (NN:[1205..1206] -LSB-) (NNP:[1206..1212] PubMed) (::[1213..1214] -) (NN:[1215..1222] indexed) (IN:[1223..1226] for) (NNP:[1227..1235] MEDLINE-RSB-)))