;PMID: 9717176 ;source_file_1780.mrg ;Release 0.9 of PennBioIE ;Funded by NSF ITR EIA-0205448 ;0)section:[e:0..34] = [t:0..34] ;1)sentence:[e:40..196] = [t:40..196] ;2)section:[e:200..220] = [t:200..220] ;3)section:[e:224..315] = [t:224..315] ;4)sentence:[e:319..521] = [t:319..521] ;5)sentence:[e:522..586] = [t:522..586] ;6)sentence:[e:587..649] = [t:587..649] ;7)sentence:[e:650..833] = [t:650..833] ;8)sentence:[e:834..893] = [t:834..893] ;9)sentence:[e:894..947] = [t:894..947] ;10)sentence:[e:948..1021] = [t:948..1021] ;11)sentence:[e:1022..1209] = [t:1022..1209] ;12)sentence:[e:1210..1359] = [t:1210..1359] ;13)sentence:[e:1360..1477] = [t:1360..1477] ;14)section:[e:1481..1525] = [t:1481..1525] ;section 0 Span:0..34 ;Mutagenesis. 1998 Jul;13(4):385-9. (SEC (FRAG (NN:[0..11] Mutagenesis) (.:[11..12] .) (CD:[13..17] 1998) (CC:[18..25] Jul;13-LRB-) (CD:[25..26] 4) (-RRB-:[26..27] -RRB-) (::[27..28] :) (CD:[28..31] 385) (::[31..32] -) (CD:[32..34] 9.))) ;sentence 1 Span:40..196 ;Inhibition of metabolic activation of the promutagens, benzo[a]pyrene, ;2-aminofluorene and 2-aminoanthracene by furanochromones in Salmonella ;typhimurium. ;[82..93]:substance:"promutagens" ;[95..109]:substance:"benzo[a]pyrene" ;[112..127]:substance:"2-aminofluorene" ;[132..149]:substance:"2-aminoanthracene" ;[153..168]:substance:"furanochromones" (SENT (NP-HLN (NP (NN:[40..50] Inhibition)) (PP (IN:[51..53] of) (NP (NP (JJ:[54..63] metabolic) (NN:[64..74] activation)) (PP (IN:[75..77] of) (NP (NP (DT:[78..81] the) (NNS:[82..93] promutagens)) (,:[93..94] ,) (NP (NN:[95..109] benzo-LSB-a-RSB-pyrene) (,:[109..110] ,) (NN:[112..127] 2-aminofluorene) (CC:[128..131] and) (NN:[132..149] 2-aminoanthracene)))))) (PP (IN:[150..152] by) (NP (NNS:[153..168] furanochromones))) (PP-LOC (IN:[169..171] in) (NP (NNP:[172..182] Salmonella) (NNP:[184..195] typhimurium))) (.:[195..196] .))) ;section 2 Span:200..220 ;Schimmer O, Rauch P. (SEC (FRAG (NNP:[200..208] Schimmer) (NNP:[209..210] O) (,:[210..211] ,) (NNP:[212..217] Rauch) (NNP:[218..220] P.))) ;section 3 Span:224..315 ;Institut fur Botanik und Pharmazeutische Biologie, Universitat ;Erlangen-Nurnberg, Germany. (SEC (FRAG (NNP:[224..232] Institut) (NN:[233..236] fur) (NNP:[237..244] Botanik) (VBD:[245..248] und) (NNP:[249..264] Pharmazeutische) (NNP:[265..273] Biologie) (,:[273..274] ,) (NNP:[275..286] Universitat) (NNP:[288..297] Erlangen-) (NNP:[297..305] Nurnberg) (,:[305..306] ,) (NNP:[307..314] Germany) (.:[314..315] .))) ;sentence 4 Span:319..521 ;Khellin, a naturally occurring furanochromone (Ammi visnaga fruits), ;inhibited the mutagenicity of the promutagens benzo[a]pyrene, ;2-aminofluorene and 2-aminoanthracene in Salmonella typhimurium TA98. ;[319..326]:substance:"Khellin" ;[350..364]:substance:"furanochromone" ;[423..434]:substance:"promutagens" ;[435..449]:substance:"benzo[a]pyrene" ;[451..466]:substance:"2-aminofluorene" ;[472..489]:substance:"2-aminoanthracene" (SENT (S (NP-SBJ (NP (NN:[319..326] Khellin)) (,:[326..327] ,) (NP (NP (DT:[328..329] a) (ADJP (RB:[330..339] naturally) (VBG:[340..349] occurring)) (NN:[350..364] furanochromone)) (NP (-LRB-:[365..366] -LRB-) (NNP:[366..370] Ammi) (NNP:[371..378] visnaga) (NNS:[379..385] fruits) (-RRB-:[385..386] -RRB-)))) (,:[386..387] ,) (VP (VBD:[388..397] inhibited) (NP (NP (DT:[399..402] the) (NN:[403..415] mutagenicity)) (PP (IN:[416..418] of) (NP (NP (DT:[419..422] the) (NNS:[423..434] promutagens)) (NP (NN:[435..449] benzo-LSB-a-RSB-pyrene) (,:[449..450] ,) (NN:[451..466] 2-aminofluorene) (CC:[467..470] and) (NN:[472..489] 2-aminoanthracene))))) (PP-LOC (IN:[490..492] in) (NP (NNP:[493..503] Salmonella) (NNP:[504..515] typhimurium) (NN:[516..520] TA98)))) (.:[520..521] .))) ;sentence 5 Span:522..586 ;The effect varied greatly and depended on the S9 fraction used. (SENT (S (NP-SBJ (DT:[522..525] The) (NN:[526..532] effect)) (VP (VP (VBD:[533..539] varied) (ADVP (RB:[540..547] greatly))) (CC:[548..551] and) (VP (VBD:[553..561] depended) (PP-CLR (IN:[562..564] on) (NP (NP (DT:[565..568] the) (NN:[569..571] S9) (NN:[572..580] fraction)) (VP (VBN:[581..585] used) (NP (-NONE-:[585..585] *))))))) (.:[585..586] .))) ;sentence 6 Span:587..649 ;Cytosolic activation of 2-aminoanthracene was also inhibited. ;[611..628]:substance:"2-aminoanthracene" (SENT (S (NP-SBJ-1 (NP (JJ:[587..596] Cytosolic) (NN:[597..607] activation)) (PP (IN:[608..610] of) (NP (NN:[611..628] 2-aminoanthracene)))) (VP (VBD:[629..632] was) (ADVP (RB:[634..638] also)) (VP (VBN:[639..648] inhibited) (NP-1 (-NONE-:[648..648] *)))) (.:[648..649] .))) ;sentence 7 Span:650..833 ;Khellin produced no effect or only weak activity against the direct acting ;mutagens 2-nitrofluorene, 4-nitro-o-phenylenediamine, 1-nitropyrene and ;ethylmethane sulfonate (in TA100). ;[650..657]:substance:"Khellin" ;[726..734]:substance:"mutagens" ;[735..750]:substance:"2-nitrofluorene" ;[752..778]:substance:"4-nitro-o-phenylenediamine" ;[781..794]:substance:"1-nitropyrene" ;[799..821]:substance:"ethylmethane sulfonate" (SENT (S (NP-SBJ (NN:[650..657] Khellin)) (VP (VBD:[658..666] produced) (NP (NP (DT:[667..669] no) (NN:[670..676] effect)) (CC:[677..679] or) (NP (RB:[680..684] only) (JJ:[685..689] weak) (NN:[690..698] activity)) (PP (IN:[699..706] against) (NP (NP (DT:[707..710] the) (ADJP (JJ:[712..718] direct) (VBG:[719..725] acting)) (NNS:[726..734] mutagens)) (NP (NP (NN:[735..750] 2-nitrofluorene)) (,:[750..751] ,) (NP (NN:[752..778] 4-nitro-o-phenylenediamine)) (,:[778..779] ,) (NP (NN:[781..794] 1-nitropyrene)) (CC:[795..798] and) (NP (NP (NN:[799..811] ethylmethane) (NN:[812..821] sulfonate)) (PRN (-LRB-:[822..823] -LRB-) (PP (IN:[823..825] in) (NP (NN:[826..831] TA100))) (-RRB-:[831..832] -RRB-)))))))) (.:[832..833] .))) ;sentence 8 Span:834..893 ;Daunomycin mutagenicity was inhibited to a greater extent. ;[834..844]:substance:"Daunomycin" (SENT (S (NP-SBJ-1 (NN:[834..844] Daunomycin) (NN:[845..857] mutagenicity)) (VP (VBD:[858..861] was) (VP (VBN:[863..872] inhibited) (NP-1 (-NONE-:[872..872] *)) (PP (TO:[873..875] to) (NP (DT:[876..877] a) (JJR:[878..885] greater) (NN:[886..892] extent))))) (.:[892..893] .))) ;sentence 9 Span:894..947 ;Visnagin was more toxic, but showed similar effects. ;[894..902]:substance:"Visnagin" (SENT (S (NP-SBJ (NN:[894..902] Visnagin)) (VP (VP (VBD:[903..906] was) (ADJP-PRD (RBR:[907..911] more) (JJ:[912..917] toxic))) (,:[917..918] ,) (CC:[919..922] but) (VP (VBD:[923..929] showed) (NP (JJ:[930..937] similar) (NNS:[939..946] effects)))) (.:[946..947] .))) ;sentence 10 Span:948..1021 ;Khellol and its glucoside were inactive against all the mutagens tested. ;[948..955]:substance:"Khellol" ;[964..973]:substance:"glucoside" ;[1004..1012]:substance:"mutagens" (SENT (S (NP-SBJ (NP (NN:[948..955] Khellol)) (CC:[956..959] and) (NP (PRP$:[960..963] its) (NN:[964..973] glucoside))) (VP (VBD:[974..978] were) (ADJP-PRD (JJ:[979..987] inactive) (PP (IN:[988..995] against) (NP (PDT:[996..999] all) (DT:[1000..1003] the) (NNS:[1004..1012] mutagens) (VP (VBN:[1014..1020] tested) (NP (-NONE-:[1020..1020] *))))))) (.:[1020..1021] .))) ;sentence 11 Span:1022..1209 ;We conclude that khellin acts as an inhibitor or the microsomal cytochrome ;P450 sub-enzymes analogous to the related furanocoumarins and is also ;capable of inhibiting cytosolic enzymes. ;[1039..1046]:substance:"khellin" ;[1058..1067]:substance:"inhibitor" ;[1087..1114]:cyp450:"cytochrome P450 sub-enzymes" ;[1140..1155]:substance:"furanocoumarins" ;[1201..1208]:substance:"enzymes" (SENT (S (NP-SBJ (PRP:[1022..1024] We)) (VP (VBP:[1025..1033] conclude) (SBAR (IN:[1034..1038] that) (S (NP-SBJ-1 (NN:[1039..1046] khellin)) (VP (VP (VBZ:[1047..1051] acts) (PP-MNR (IN:[1052..1054] as) (NP (NP (DT:[1055..1057] an) (NN:[1058..1067] inhibitor)) (CC:[1068..1070] or) (NP (NP (DT:[1071..1074] the) (JJ:[1075..1085] microsomal) (NML (NN:[1087..1097] cytochrome) (NN:[1098..1102] P450)) (AFX:[1103..1106] sub) (HYPH:[1106..1107] -) (NNS:[1107..1114] enzymes)) (ADJP (JJ:[1115..1124] analogous) (PP (TO:[1125..1127] to) (NP (DT:[1128..1131] the) (VBN:[1132..1139] related) (NNS:[1140..1155] furanocoumarins)))))))) (CC:[1156..1159] and) (VP (VBZ:[1160..1162] is) (ADVP (RB:[1163..1167] also)) (ADJP-PRD (JJ:[1169..1176] capable) (PP (IN:[1177..1179] of) (S-NOM (NP-SBJ-1 (-NONE-:[1179..1179] *)) (VP (VBG:[1180..1190] inhibiting) (NP (JJ:[1191..1200] cytosolic) (NNS:[1201..1208] enzymes))))))))))) (.:[1208..1209] .))) ;sentence 12 Span:1210..1359 ;The extract from Ammi visnaga fruits showed a higher inhibition potency than ;khellin alone against 2-aminoanthracene, 1-nitropyrene and daunomycin. ;[1214..1221]:substance:"extract" ;[1227..1246]:substance:"Ammi visnaga fruits" ;[1288..1295]:substance:"khellin" ;[1310..1327]:substance:"2-aminoanthracene" ;[1330..1343]:substance:"1-nitropyrene" ;[1348..1358]:substance:"daunomycin" (SENT (S (NP-SBJ (NP (DT:[1210..1213] The) (NN:[1214..1221] extract)) (PP (IN:[1222..1226] from) (NP (NML (NNP:[1227..1231] Ammi) (NNP:[1232..1239] visnaga)) (NNS:[1240..1246] fruits)))) (VP (VBD:[1248..1254] showed) (NP (NP (DT:[1255..1256] a) (JJR:[1257..1263] higher) (NN:[1264..1274] inhibition) (NN:[1275..1282] potency)) (PP (IN:[1283..1287] than) (NP (NP (NN:[1288..1295] khellin)) (ADVP (RB:[1296..1301] alone)) (PP (IN:[1302..1309] against) (NP (NN:[1310..1327] 2-aminoanthracene) (,:[1327..1328] ,) (NN:[1330..1343] 1-nitropyrene) (CC:[1344..1347] and) (NN:[1348..1358] daunomycin))))))) (.:[1358..1359] .))) ;sentence 13 Span:1360..1477 ;This might be due to additional inhibitors, e.g. coumarins, or to the ;synergistic effects of accompanying compounds. ;[1392..1402]:substance:"inhibitors" ;[1410..1419]:substance:"coumarins" ;[1467..1476]:substance:"compounds" (SENT (S (NP-SBJ (DT:[1360..1364] This)) (VP (MD:[1365..1370] might) (VP (VB:[1371..1373] be) (PP-PRD (IN:[1374..1377] due) (PP (PP (TO:[1378..1380] to) (NP (NP (JJ:[1381..1391] additional) (NNS:[1392..1402] inhibitors)) (,:[1402..1403] ,) (NP (ADVP (FW:[1404..1408] e.g.)) (NNS:[1410..1419] coumarins)))) (,:[1419..1420] ,) (CC:[1421..1423] or) (PP (TO:[1424..1426] to) (NP (NP (DT:[1427..1430] the) (JJ:[1431..1442] synergistic) (NNS:[1443..1450] effects)) (PP (IN:[1451..1453] of) (NP (VBG:[1454..1466] accompanying) (NNS:[1467..1476] compounds))))))))) (.:[1476..1477] .))) ;section 14 Span:1481..1525 ;PMID: 9717176 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] (SEC (FRAG (NNP:[1481..1485] PMID) (::[1485..1486] :) (CD:[1487..1494] 9717176) (NN:[1495..1496] -LSB-) (NNP:[1496..1502] PubMed) (::[1503..1504] -) (NN:[1505..1512] indexed) (IN:[1513..1516] for) (NNP:[1517..1525] MEDLINE-RSB-)))