Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2002 Aug;72(2):192-9.  

Effect of sex and menstrual cycle phase on cytochrome P450 2C19 activity with
omeprazole used as a biomarker.

Kim MJ, Bertino JS Jr, Gaedigk A, Zhang Y, Sellers EM, Nafziger AN.

Clinical Pharmacology Research Center, Department of Medicine, Bassett
Healthcare, One Atwell Road, Cooperstown, NY 13326-1394, USA.

BACKGROUND: Literature addressing the effect of sex on cytochrome P450 (CYP)
2C19 activity is conflicting. The exogenous female sex steroid hormones used in
oral contraceptives are believed to significantly inhibit CYP2C19 activity.
However, the effect of variations in endogenous sex steroid concentrations
throughout the menstrual cycle has not been investigated. OBJECTIVE: The
objective of this study was to determine the effects of sex and menstrual cycle
phase on CYP2C19 activity by using omeprazole. METHODS: White subjects with body
weights between 45 and 66 kg received a single oral dose of 30 mg omeprazole.
Those with weights of 67 to 90 kg received a dose of 40 mg. Twelve female
subjects were phenotyped during the midfollicular and midluteal phases of the
menstrual cycle for 3 complete cycles. Twelve male subjects were phenotyped
every 14 days for 12 weeks. The 2-hour postdose plasma concentration ratio of
omeprazole to 5'-hydroxyomeprazole was used as a measure of CYP2C19 activity.
All subjects were genotyped for CYP2C19*2 and *3 alleles. RESULTS: Twelve women
and 8 men were extensive metabolizers (EMs) with a CYP2C19*1/*1 genotype,
whereas 4 male subjects were heterozygous (CYP2C19*1/*2). Median metabolic
ratios during the midfollicular and midluteal visits were 0.845 and 0.930,
respectively (P =.7). Sex had no effect on CYP2C19 activity in CYP2C19*1/*1 EMs
(0.875 for men versus 1.070 for women, P =.140). The median metabolic ratios of
all individuals with 2C19*1/*1 and *1/*2 genotypes were 0.94 and 3.75,
respectively. CONCLUSION: There is no sex difference in CYP2C19 activity in
healthy white CYP2C19*1/*1 EMs with the omeprazole ratios. A gene-dose effect
was observed. In addition, variations in endogenous sex steroid concentrations
throughout the menstrual cycle did not influence CYP2C19 activity.

PMID: 12189366 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]