Part of Speech Tags for Common Collocations and Phrases

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Collocations are specific arrangements of words or words habitually found together. They tend to function as a semantic unit (together they have a meaning in the same way a single word has a meaning). The tagger often guesses incorrectly for words in collocation because it doesn't recognize the context; for example, it might guess 'due/JJ to recent advances' for 'due/IN to recent advances' because due is usually a JJ.

This list was compiled by Jo Wright from Santorini's tagging guide and our biomedical addenda but it also contains new entries. Please note that most of the Santorini entries can also be found in the addendum.

 

a lot
a/DT lot/NN   (addendum, Santorini 26)
a priori
a/FW priori/FW   (addendum)
all but
all/RB but/RB   (Santorini 22)
all right
all/RB right/JJ   (Santorini 22)
another one
another/DT one/NN   (Santorini 22)
apart from
apart/RB from/IN
as well as
as/RB well/RB as/IN   (Santorini 23)
at all
at/IN all/DT   (Santorini 23)
because of
because/IN of/IN
close to
close/RB to/TO   (Santorini 24)
closer to
closer/RBR to/TO   (Santorini 24)
downstream of
downstream/IN of/IN
Please note that downstream is only /IN when in collocation with of ; in all other cases it should be /RB. See Santorini 9, 'IN or RB.'
due to
due/IN to/TO   (addendum, Santorini 24)
each other
each/DT other/JJ   (Santorini 24)
further from
further/RBR from/IN   (Santorini 25)
Please note that further is often not comparative, unlike farther: See Santorini 12.
in common
in/IN common/NN
in general
in/IN general/NN
in order that
in/IN order/NN that/IN
in particular
in/IN particular/NN
in respect to *
in/IN respect/NN to/TO
in situ
in/FW situ/FW
in spite of
in/IN spite/NN of/IN
in vivo
in/FW vivo/FW
in vitro
in/FW vitro/FW   (addendum)
insofar as
insofar/IN as/IN
insomuch as, inasmuch as
insomuch/IN as/IN, inasmuch/IN as/IN
Also as single word: inasmuchas/IN
near to
near/RB to/TO   (Santorini 27)
nearer to
nearer/RBR to/TO   (Santorini 27) *
no one
no/DT one/NN   (the addendum, Santorini 28)
on par with
on/IN par/NN with/IN   (Merriam Webster Online "par")
par for the course
par/JJ for/IN the/DT course/NN   (Merriam Webster Online "par")
rather than
rather/IN than/IN   (addendum, Santorini 29)
such as
such/JJ as/IN   (Santorini 30)
together with
together/RB with/IN
up to
up/IN to/TO
up can be /RB or /RP but it is /IN in collocation with to, as seen in such phrases as [Santorini's example, 'look up to someone' (which will probably not come up in a biomedical context), has an entirely different meaning but the same tagging, "up/IN to/TO".]
(Santorini 9, Merriam Webster Online "up to")
upstream of
upstream/IN of/IN
Please note that upstream is only /IN when in collocation with of ; in all other cases it should be /RB. See Santorini 9, 'IN or RB.'
with respect to
with/IN respect/NN to/TO

CHANGE NOTES

(Generally excluding additions dated with change tags.)

2004-09-20: "in respect to", "IN IN TO" ==> "IN NN TO" [Jo Wright says it was a typo.]

2004-09-21: "nearer/RB to" ==> "nearer/RBR to"

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2004-09-21